On the management of latency in the synthesis of real-time signal processing systems from processing graphs
A New Sufficient Feasibility Test for Asynchronous Real-Time Periodic Task Sets
ECRTS '04 Proceedings of the 16th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
Efficient Feasibility Analysis for Real-Time Systems with EDF Scheduling
Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
ACSD '06 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design
The Partitioned Multiprocessor Scheduling of Deadline-Constrained Sporadic Task Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Scheduling multiple independent hard-real-time jobs on a heterogeneous multiprocessor
EMSOFT '07 Proceedings of the 7th ACM & IEEE international conference on Embedded software
Latency Minimization for Synchronous Data Flow Graphs
DSD '07 Proceedings of the 10th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design Architectures, Methods and Tools
Embedded Multiprocessors: Scheduling and Synchronization
Embedded Multiprocessors: Scheduling and Synchronization
Constant-Time Admission Control for Partitioned EDF
ECRTS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 22nd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
A survey of hard real-time scheduling for multiprocessor systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Hard-real-time scheduling of data-dependent tasks in embedded streaming applications
EMSOFT '11 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Embedded software
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Design of safety-critical Java level 1 applications using affine abstract clocks
Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems
Buffer minimization in earliest-deadline first scheduling of dataflow graphs
Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems
Hi-index | 0.00 |
In this paper, we consider the problem of hard-real-time scheduling of embedded streaming applications, modeled using dataflow graphs, while minimizing the application latency. Recently, it has been shown that the actors in an acyclic Cyclo-Static Dataflow (CSDF) graph can be scheduled as a set of implicit-deadline periodic tasks. Such scheduling approach has been shown to yield the maximum achievable throughput for a large set of graphs, called matched I/O rates graphs. We show that scheduling the graph actors as implicit-deadline periodic tasks increases the latency significantly for a class of graphs called unbalanced graphs. To alleviate this problem, we propose a new task-set representation for the actors in which the actors are scheduled as a set of constrained-deadline periodic tasks. We prove that scheduling the actors as constrained-deadline periodic tasks delivers optimal throughput (i.e., rate) and latency for graphs with repetition vector equal to $\vec{1}$. Furthermore, we evaluate the constrained-deadline representation using a set of 19 real-life applications and show that it is capable of achieving the minimum achievable latency for more than 70% of the applications, and even if the application has a repetition vector not equal to $\vec{1}$. We show that choosing the task deadline involves a trade-off between the latency and the resources requirements. Finally, we propose a decision tree to assist the designer in choosing the appropriate real-time periodic task model for scheduling acyclic CSDF graphs.