An experimental evaluation of computer graphics imagery
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Visual cues and pictorial limitations for computer generated photo-realistic images
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
Recovering high dynamic range radiance maps from photographs
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A perceptually based physical error metric for realistic image synthesis
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Comparing Real & Synthetic Scenes using Human Judgements of Lightness
Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques 2000
Visual models for realistic image synthesis
Visual models for realistic image synthesis
Perception, attention, and resources: a decision-theoretic approach to graphics rendering
UAI'97 Proceedings of the Thirteenth conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence
A study on gender-kansei of three-dimensional geometric shapes
International Journal of Biometrics
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One of the main goals in realistic rendering is to generate images that are indistinguishable from photographs – but how do observers decide whether an image is photographic or computer-generated? If this perceptual process were understood, then rendering algorithms could be developed to directly target these cues. In this paper we introduce an experimental method for measuring the perception of visual realism in images, and present the results of a series of controlled human subject experiments. These experiments cover the following visual factors: shadow softness, surface smoothness, number of light sources, number of objects, and variety of object shapes. This technique can be used to either affirm or cast into doubt common assumptions about realistic rendering. The experiments can be performed using either photographs or computergenerated images. This work provides a first step towards objectively understanding why some images are perceived as photographs, while others as computer graphics.