Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Display of Surfaces from Volume Data
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Footprint evaluation for volume rendering
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The image processing handbook
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Accelerated volume rendering and tomographic reconstruction using texture mapping hardware
VVS '94 Proceedings of the 1994 symposium on Volume visualization
A comparison of normal estimation schemes
VIS '97 Proceedings of the 8th conference on Visualization '97
Design of accurate and smooth filters for function and derivative reconstruction
VVS '98 Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE symposium on Volume visualization
Mastering windows: improving reconstruction
VVS '00 Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE symposium on Volume visualization
Reconstruction filters in computer-graphics
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '01
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An evaluation of reconstruction filters for volume rendering
VIS '94 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '94
Methods for Efficient, High Quality Volume Resampling in the Frequency Domain
VIS '04 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '04
Two- and three-dimensional image rotation using the FFT
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Convolution-based interpolation for fast, high-quality rotation of images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
High-quality volume rendering with resampling in the frequency domain
EUROVIS'05 Proceedings of the Seventh Joint Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Visualization
Applications of optimal sampling lattices for volume acquisition via 3D computed tomography
VG'07 Proceedings of the Sixth Eurographics / Ieee VGTC conference on Volume Graphics
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Volume rendering techniques are conventionally classified as either direct or indirect methods. Indirect methods require to transform the initial volumetric model into an intermediate geometrical model in order to efficiently visualize it. In contrast, direct volume rendering (DVR) methods can directly process the volumetric data. Modern CT scanners usually provide data as a set of samples on a rectilinear grid, which is computed from the measured projections by discrete tomographic reconstruction. Therefore the rectilinear grid can already be considered as an intermediate volume representation. In this paper we introduce direct direct volume rendering (D2VR). D2VR does not require a rectilinear grid, since it is based on an immediate processing of the measured projections. Arbitrary samples for ray casting are reconstructed from the projections by using the Filtered Back-Projection algorithm. Our method removes a lossy resampling step from the classical volume rendering pipeline. It provides much higher accuracy than traditional grid-based resampling techniques do. Furthermore we also present a novel high-quality gradient estimation scheme, which is also based on the Filtered Back-Projection algorithm.