Effective sounds in complex systems: the ARKOLA simulation
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An evaluation of earcons for use in auditory human-computer interfaces
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
Parallel earcons: reducing the length of audio messages
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Designing with auditory icons: how well do we identify auditory cues?
CHI '94 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Assets '98 Proceedings of the third international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Weasel: a computer based system for providing non-visual access to music notation
ACM SIGCAPH Computers and the Physically Handicapped
Interactive virtual acoustic environments for blind children: computing, usability, and cognition
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Memory enhancement through audio
Assets '04 Proceedings of the 6th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Auditory icons: using sound in computer interfaces
Human-Computer Interaction
Earcons and icons: their structure and common design principles
Human-Computer Interaction
Soundtrack: an auditory interface for blind users
Human-Computer Interaction
The SonicFinder: an interface that uses auditory icons
Human-Computer Interaction
Educational Sound Symbols for the Visually Impaired
UAHCI '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Addressing Diversity. Part I: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Acoustic interaction design through "audemes": experiences with the blind
Proceedings of the 27th ACM international conference on Design of communication
EdgeSonic: image feature sonification for the visually impaired
Proceedings of the 2nd Augmented Human International Conference
Name that tune: musicons as reminders in the home
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Usability evaluation of acoustic interfaces for the blind
Proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on Design of communication
Ad-hoc synthesis of auditory icons
ICAD'98 Proceedings of the 1998 international conference on Auditory Display
Investigating bookmarking habits of blind users
Proceedings of the 6th Balkan Conference in Informatics
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To access interactive systems, blind users can leverage their auditory senses by using non-speech sounds. The structure of existing non-speech sounds, however, is geared toward conveying atomic operations at the user interface (e.g., opening a file) rather than evoking broader, theme-based content typical of educational material (e.g., an historical event). To address this problem, we investigate audemes, a new category of non-speech sounds whose semiotic structure and flexibility open new horizons for the aural interaction with content-rich applications. Three experiments with blind participants examined the attributes of an audeme that most facilitate the accurate recognition of their meaning. A sequential concatenation of different sound types (music, sound effect) yielded the highest meaning recognition, whereas an overlapping arrangement of sounds of the same type (music, music) yielded the lowest meaning recognition. We discuss seven guidelines to design well-formed audemes.