Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
You're in control: a urinary user interface
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using water as interface media in VR applications
CLIHC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Sketches
Lumen: interactive visual and shape display for calm computing
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Emerging technologies
Water Jets as Pixels: Water Fountains as Both Sensors and Displays
ISM '06 Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia
Tactile feedback for mobile interactions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluation of haptically augmented touchscreen gui elements under cognitive load
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Investigating the effectiveness of tactile feedback for mobile touchscreens
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Airborne ultrasound tactile display
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 new tech demos
The Haptic Tabletop Puck: tactile feedback for interactive tabletops
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
TeslaTouch: electrovibration for touch surfaces
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
360-degree fog projection interactive display
SIGGRAPH Asia 2011 Emerging Technologies
Splash controllers: game controllers involving the uncareful manipulation of water
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
Water Ball Z: an augmented fighting game using water as tactile feedback
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
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On interactive surfaces such as touch screens, tabletops or interactive walls, the addition of active tactile feedback has been shown to greatly improve user performance and subjective evaluation of the interaction. However, common electromechanical solutions to enable tactile stimuli on flat touch displays entail the use of costly, complex and cumbersome actuator technology. This especially holds true for solutions which try to address the full complexity of our sense of touch, i.e. our ability to experience warmth, coolness, pressure, stickiness or smoothness. In this paper, we propose the use of liquid as a medium for versatile tactile feedback. We present LiquiTouch, a first prototype which emits actively generated water jets in order to communicate state, function and material properties of virtual touchscreen elements. We discuss the design implications and illustrate the potentials of using liquid to enrich and improve the interaction with touch surfaces.