Project GROPEHaptic displays for scientific visualization
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A haptic interaction method for volume visualization
Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests
Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests
Multimodal virtual reality versus printed medium in visualization for blind people
Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
iStuff: a physical user interface toolkit for ubiquitous computing environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Programming by example
XmdvTool: integrating multiple methods for visualizing multivariate data
VIS '94 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '94
Support for input adaptability in the ICON toolkit
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
General Proxy-Based Haptics for Volume Visualization
WHC '05 Proceedings of the First Joint Eurohaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Semiology of graphics
Software Design Patterns for Information Visualization
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Usability testing: what have we overlooked?
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Where are we with Haptic Visualization?
WHC '07 Proceedings of the Second Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
HAMLAT: A HAML-Based Authoring Tool for Haptic Application Development
EuroHaptics '08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Haptics: Perception, Devices and Scenarios
Visualization Equivalence for Multisensory Perception: Learning from the Visual
Computing in Science and Engineering
Integration of haptics with Web3D using the SAI
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on 3D Web Technology
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Haptic Interaction Techniques for Exploring Chart Data
HAID '09 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design
LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT-G Programming Guide
LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT-G Programming Guide
Review of Designs for Haptic Data Visualization
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
The HapticTouch toolkit: enabling exploration of haptic interactions
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction
HITPROTO: a tool for the rapid prototyping of haptic interactions for haptic data visualization
HAPTIC '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium
Fast and independent access to map directions for people who are blind
Interacting with Computers
Introduction: Foreword to the special section on touching the 3rd dimension
Computers and Graphics
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Haptic devices are becoming more widely used as hardware becomes available and the cost of both low and high fidelity haptic devices decreases. One of the application areas of haptics is haptic data visualization (HDV). HDV provides functionality by which users can feel and touch data. Blind and partially sighted users can benefit from HDV, as it helps them manipulate and understand information. However, developing any 3D haptic world is difficult, time-consuming and requires skilled programmers. Therefore, systems that enable haptic worlds to be rapidly developed in a simple environment could enable non-computer skilled users to create haptic 3D interactions. In this article we present HITPROTO: a system that enables users, such as mentors or support workers, to quickly create haptic interactions (with an emphasis on HDVs) through a visual programming interface. We describe HITPROTO and include details of the design and implementation. We present the results of a detailed study using postgraduate students as potential mentors, which provides evidence of the usability of HITPROTO. We also present a pilot study of HITPROTO with a blind user. It can be difficult to create prototyping tools and support 3D interactions, therefore we present a detailed list of 'lessons learnt' that provides a set of guidelines for developers of other 3D haptic prototyping tools.