Adjacency detection using quadcodes
Communications of the ACM
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A beam tracing approach to acoustic modeling for interactive virtual environments
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A Sound Propagation Model for Interagents Communication
VW '00 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Virtual Worlds
Introducing human-like hearing perception in intelligent virtual agents
AAMAS '03 Proceedings of the second international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Comparison of techniques for environmental sound recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Crowd Simulation
AD-Frustum: Adaptive Frustum Tracing for Interactive Sound Propagation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Virtual Crowds: Methods, Simulation, and Control (Synthesis Lectures on Computer Graphics and Animation)
Efficient and Accurate Sound Propagation Using Adaptive Rectangular Decomposition
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Precomputed wave simulation for real-time sound propagation of dynamic sources in complex scenes
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
A synthetic-vision based steering approach for crowd simulation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Metropolis: Multisensory Simulation of a Populated City
VS-GAMES '11 Proceedings of the 2011 Third International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications
A Behavior-Authoring Framework for Multiactor Simulations
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An online algorithm for hierarchical phoneme classification
MLMI'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
Spectrogram segmentation by means of statistical features for non-stationary signal interpretation
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
ADAPT: the agent development and prototyping testbed
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Sound localization and multi-modal steering for autonomous virtual agents
Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
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The perception of sensory information and its impact on behavior is a fundamental component of being human. While visual perception is considered for navigation, collision, and behavior selection, the acoustic domain is relatively unexplored. Recent work in acoustics focuses on synthesizing sound in 3D environments; however, the perception of acoustic signals by a virtual agent is a useful and realistic adjunct to any behavior selection mechanism. In this paper, we present SPREAD, a novel agent-based sound perception model using a discretized sound packet representation with acoustic features including amplitude, frequency range, and duration. SPREAD simulates how sound packets are propagated, attenuated, and degraded as they traverse the virtual environment. Agents perceive and classify the sounds based on the locally-received packet set using a hierarchical clustering scheme, and have individualized hearing and understanding of their surroundings. Using this model, we demonstrate several simulations that greatly enrich controls and outcomes.