Lucid touch: a see-through mobile device
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The performance of hand postures in front- and back-of-device interaction for mobile computing
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Back-of-device interaction allows creating very small touch devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Double-side multi-touch input for mobile devices
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
RearType: text entry using keys on the back of a device
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Tactile display for the visually impaired using TeslaTouch
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A versatile dataset for text entry evaluations based on genuine mobile emails
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
The 1line keyboard: a QWERTY layout in a single line
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Personalized input: improving ten-finger touchscreen typing through automatic adaptation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Back keyboard: a physical keyboard on backside of mobile phone using qwerty
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Does proprioception guide back-of-device pointing as well as vision?
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An evaluation of BrailleTouch: mobile touchscreen text entry for the visually impaired
MobileHCI '12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Improving two-thumb text entry on touchscreen devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
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This Note introduces a keyboard design that affords ten-finger touch typing by utilizing a touch sensor on the back side of a device. Previous work has used physical buttons. Using a touch sensor has the benefit that it retains the form factor and does not insist on a peripheral device. Moreover, any layout can be used. However, it is difficult to hit targets on a flat surface with no haptic feedback. Sandwich Keyboard is a prototype that folds any three-row keyboard layout and thus, by retaining the finger-to-letter assignment, supports transfer. Sandwich Keyboard includes an algorithm for constant adaptation of key targets in the back. We also learned that the detection of key presses from finger release enhances the performance of touch-typing on a multitouch sensor. After eight hours of training, experienced typists of the QWERTY and of the Dvorak Standard Keyboard (DSK) layout reached 26.1 and 46.2 wpm, respectively. We discuss improvements necessary for further increasing both speed and accuracy.