A Model of Saliency-Based Visual Attention for Rapid Scene Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Energy trade-offs in the IBM Wristwatch computer
ISWC '01 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Architectural and Compiler Strategies for Dynamic Power Management in the COPPER Project
IWIA '01 Proceedings of the Innovative Architecture for Future Generation High-Performance Processors and Systems (IWIA'01)
Power Minimization in a Backlit TFT-LCD Display by Concurrent Brightness and Contrast Scaling
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 1
Energy-aware user interfaces: an evaluation of user acceptance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Dynamic Backlight Adaptation for Low-Power Handheld Devices
IEEE Design & Test
DLS: dynamic backlight luminance scaling of liquid crystal display
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Learning user interest for image browsing on small-form-factor devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Visual attention in 3D video games
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Power-saving color transformation of mobile graphical user interfaces on OLED-based displays
Proceedings of the 14th ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Computational visual attention systems and their cognitive foundations: A survey
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
An analysis of power consumption in a smartphone
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
Adaptive display power management for mobile games
MobiSys '11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Chameleon: a color-adaptive web browser for mobile OLED displays
MobiSys '11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Dynamic voltage scaling of OLED displays
Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference
Quality-retaining OLED dynamic voltage scaling for video streaming applications on mobile devices
Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference
Adaptive display power management for OLED displays
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review - Special october issue SIGCOMM '12
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In this paper, we present the design and implementation of Focus, a system for effectively and efficiently reducing power consumption of OLED displays on smartphones. These displays, while becoming exceedingly common still consume significant power. The key idea of Focus is that we use the notion of saliency to save display power by dimming portions of the applications that are less important to the user. We envision Focus being especially useful during low battery situations when usability is less important than power savings. We tested Focus using 15 applications running on a Samsung Galaxy S III and show that it saves, on average, between 23 to 34% of the OLED display power with little impact on task completion times. Finally, we present the results of a user study, involving 30 participants that shows that Focus, even with its dimming behaviour, is still quite usable.