Pad: an alternative approach to the computer interface
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pad++: a zooming graphical interface for exploring alternate interface physics
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Space-scale diagrams: understanding multiscale interfaces
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Critical zones in desert fog: aids to multiscale navigation
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Speed-dependent automatic zooming for browsing large documents
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Quantitative analysis of scrolling techniques
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
Navigation patterns and usability of zoomable user interfaces with and without an overview
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Improving Browsing Performance: A study of four input devices for scrolling and pointing tasks
INTERACT '97 Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 Interantional Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Semantic pointing: improving target acquisition with control-display ratio adaptation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
View size and pointing difficulty in multi-scale navigation
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Tuning and testing scrolling interfaces that automatically zoom
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Target acquisition in multiscale electronic worlds
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Fitts law 50 years later: Applications and contributions from human-computer interaction
A simple movement time model for scrolling
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
OrthoZoom scroller: 1D multi-scale navigation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploring the effects of group size and display configuration on visual search
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Wedge: clutter-free visualization of off-screen locations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Peephole pointing: modeling acquisition of dynamically revealed targets
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An empirical characterisation of electronic document navigation
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
A review of overview+detail, zooming, and focus+context interfaces
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Hierarchical Aggregation for Information Visualization: Overview, Techniques, and Design Guidelines
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Improving scrolling devices with document length dependent gain
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A model for smooth viewing and navigation of large 2D information spaces
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Exposing and understanding scrolling transfer functions
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
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Existing user performance models of navigation for very large documents describe trends in movement time over the entire navigation task. However, these navigation tasks are in fact a combination of many sub-tasks, the details of which are lost when aggregated. Thus, existing models do not provide insight into the navigation choices implicit in a navigation task, nor into how strategy ultimately affects user performance. Focusing on the domain of data visualizations, the very large documents we investigate are very large data views. We present an algorithmic decision process and descriptive performance model of zooming and panning navigation strategy, parameterized to account for speed-accuracy trade-offs, using common mouse-based interaction techniques. Our model is fitted and validated against empirical data, and used to evaluate proposed optimal strategies. Further, we use our model to provide support for interaction design considerations for achieving performant interaction techniques for navigation of very large data views.