On the learnability of discrete distributions
STOC '94 Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Discovering models of software processes from event-based data
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Patterns in property specifications for finite-state verification
Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Software engineering
Dynamically Discovering Likely Program Invariants to Support Program Evolution
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special issue on 1999 international conference on software engineering
ICSE '01 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering
POPL '02 Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
RT-Level ITC'99 Benchmarks and First ATPG Results
IEEE Design & Test
Dos and don'ts of CTL state coverage estimation
Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference
IODINE: a tool to automatically infer dynamic invariants for hardware designs
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
Perracotta: mining temporal API rules from imperfect traces
Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Software engineering
QUARK: Empirical Assessment of Automaton-based Specification Miners
WCRE '06 Proceedings of the 13th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering
Properties Incompleteness Evaluation by Functional Verification
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Automatic generation of software behavioral models
Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Software engineering
Automatic generation of complex properties for hardware designs
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Static Specification Mining Using Automata-Based Abstractions
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Scalable specification mining for verification and diagnosis
Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference
GoldMine: automatic assertion generation using data mining and static analysis
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Specification mining in concurrent and distributed systems
Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering
Dynamic property mining for embedded software
Proceedings of the eighth IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Word level feature discovery to enhance quality of assertion mining
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
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Several approaches exist in literature for automatic extraction of model behaviours represented in the form of formal properties. Some of them rely on static analysis of the source code, others dynamically mine specifications by analysing simulation traces. In both cases, most of them work at bit level and generate properties in the form of combinational or temporal relationships among Boolean expressions. Such techniques are suited only for gate-level or RTL HW models. There are also approaches working on system-level descriptions and SW programs, but they generate properties to express only the sequential ordering of communication function calls and events, while the functional part of the implementation is ignored. To fill in the gap, this paper presents a dynamic methodology that works on gate-level, RTL and system-level HW descriptions as well as embedded SW, independently from the design model and the abstraction level. The generated properties are in the form of temporal relationships among arithmetic and logic expressions involving traditional HW description language data types (i.e., bit and logic vectors) as well as data types typically adopted in system-level models and SW programs (i.e., integer, double and string). A ranking function is also defined to classify the mined properties according to their capability of capturing meaningful design behaviours. Experimental results have shown that the approach allows generating compact properties really useful to effectively detect errors in the design implementation.