Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Efficient ray tracing of volume data
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Footprint evaluation for volume rendering
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Accelerated volume rendering and tomographic reconstruction using texture mapping hardware
VVS '94 Proceedings of the 1994 symposium on Volume visualization
Visualization of laser confocal microscopy datasets
Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
VIZARD—visualization accelerator for realtime display
HWWS '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
The VolumePro real-time ray-casting system
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visualization of time dependent confocal microscopy data
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
VIZARD II: a reconfigurable interactive volume rendering system
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
Accelerated volume ray-casting using texture mapping
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '01
Optical Models for Direct Volume Rendering
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Ray Casting Architectures for Volume Visualization
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Fast Volume Segmentation With Simultaneous Visualization Using Programmable Graphics Hardware
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization 2003 (VIS'03)
Embedded Computing for Fluorescence Confocal Endomicroscopy Imaging
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
High-Level Synthesis: Past, Present, and Future
IEEE Design & Test
Measuring the Gap Between FPGAs and ASICs
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
High-Level Synthesis for FPGAs: From Prototyping to Deployment
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Demons Kernel Computation with Single-pass Stream Processing on FPGA
HPCC '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communication & 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems
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Modern microscopic volumetric imaging processes lack capturing flexibility and are inconvenient to operate. Additionally, the quality of acquired data could not be assessed immediately during imaging due to the lack of a coherent real-time visualization system. Thus, to eliminate the requisition of close user supervision while providing real-time 3D visualization alongside imaging, we propose and describe an innovative approach to integrate imaging and visualization into a single pipeline called an online incrementally accumulated rendering system. This system is composed of an electronic controller for progressive acquisition, a memory allocator for memory isolation, an efficient memory organization scheme, a compositing scheme to render accumulated datasets, and accumulative frame buffers for displaying non-conflicting outputs. We implement this design using a laser scanning confocal endomicroscope, interfaced with an FPGA prototyping board through a custom hardware circuit. Empirical results from practical implementations deployed in a cancer research center are presented in this paper.