Developing and Validating Trust Measures for e-Commerce: An Integrative Typology
Information Systems Research
An Empirical Examination of the Concern for Information Privacy Instrument
Information Systems Research
Beyond concern: a privacy-trust-behavioral intention model of electronic commerce
Information and Management
Internet Users' Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC): The Construct, the Scale, and a Causal Model
Information Systems Research
Development of measures of online privacy concern and protection for use on the Internet
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Predicting user concerns about online privacy
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
An Extended Privacy Calculus Model for E-Commerce Transactions
Information Systems Research
Internet Privacy Concerns and Social Awareness as Determinants of Intention to Transact
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
What Trust Means in E-Commerce Customer Relationships: An Interdisciplinary Conceptual Typology
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
Knowing your customers: Using a reciprocal relationship to enhance voluntary information disclosure
Decision Support Systems
Trust and TAM in online shopping: an integrated model
MIS Quarterly
A critical look at partial least squares modeling
MIS Quarterly
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
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Several types of individual information privacy beliefs have been studied in literature, but their distinctions, relationships, and behavioral impacts have yet been systematically analyzed, causing difficulties in comparing and consolidating results across literature. Based on a review on various types of privacy beliefs, this study develops a multi-level model to strengthen this concept. The model consists of three levels of privacy beliefs, including: disposition to privacy, representing a person's fundamental beliefs and overall propensity to value privacy across contexts; online privacy concern, representing a person's overall perception of privacy risks in the online environment; and website privacy concern, representing a person's perception of privacy risks on a particular website. An empirical test reveals that disposition to privacy has a positive impact on both online privacy concern and website privacy concern, and website privacy concern is the only significant predictor of intentions to disclose information and transact on a website. The study helps to synthesize individual information privacy beliefs and assists in understanding their impacts on online behavior.