IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
VLSI Architecture Design of Fractional Motion Estimation for H.264/AVC
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
An Efficient VLSI Architecture of Fractional Motion Estimation in H.264 for HDTV
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
A pipelined hardware architecture for motion estimation of H.264/AVC
ACSAC'05 Proceedings of the 10th Asia-Pacific conference on Advances in Computer Systems Architecture
An efficient hardware implementation for motion estimation of AVC standard
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
A new diamond search algorithm for fast block-matching motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A novel four-step search algorithm for fast block motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A block-based gradient descent search algorithm for block motion estimation in video coding
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Hexagon-based search pattern for fast block motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A novel cross-diamond search algorithm for fast block motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Analysis and architecture design of an HDTV720p 30 frames/s H.264/AVC encoder
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Fast Motion Estimation Robust to Random Motions Based on a Distance Prediction
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A new three-step search algorithm for block motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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Despite the diversity of video compression standard, the motion estimation still remains a key process which is used in most of them. Moreover, the required coding performances (bit-rate, PSNR, image spatial resolution,etc.) depend obviously of the application, the environment and the network communication. The motion estimation can therefore be adapted to fit with these performances. Meanwhile, the real time encoding is required in many applications. To reach this goal, we propose in this paper a flexible hardware implementation of the motion estimator which enables the integer motion search algorithms to be modified and the fractional search as well as variable block size to be selected and adjusted. Hence, this novel architecture, especially designed for FPGA targets, proposes high-speed processing for a configuration which supports the variable size blocks and quarter-pel refinement, as described in H.264. The proposed low-cost architecture based on Virtex 6 FPGA can process integer motion estimation on 1080 HD video streams, respectively, at 13 fps using full search strategy (108k Macroblocks/s) and up to 223 fps using diamond search (1.8M Macroblocks/s). Moreover subpel refinement in quarter-pel mode is performed at 232k Macroblocks/s.