Reducing power in high-performance microprocessors
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications
Design Challenges of Technology Scaling
IEEE Micro
Predictive dynamic thermal management for multimedia applications
ICS '03 Proceedings of the 17th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Dynamic Thermal Management for High-Performance Microprocessors
HPCA '01 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Temperature-aware microarchitecture: Modeling and implementation
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Dynamic Speed Scaling to Manage Energy and Temperature
FOCS '04 Proceedings of the 45th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Balance of Power: Dynamic Thermal Management for Internet Data Centers
IEEE Internet Computing
An optimal analytical solution for processor speed control with thermal constraints
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
CCGRID '07 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid
Approximation algorithm for the temperature-aware scheduling problem
Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Reactive speed control in temperature-constrained real-time systems
Real-Time Systems
Speed Scaling of Tasks with Precedence Constraints
Theory of Computing Systems
Proactive Speed Scheduling for Real-Time Tasks under Thermal Constraints
RTAS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 15th IEEE Symposium on Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications
Online work maximization under a peak temperature constraint
Proceedings of the 14th ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Network calculus: a theory of deterministic queuing systems for the internet
Network calculus: a theory of deterministic queuing systems for the internet
Thermally optimal stop-go scheduling of task graphs with real-time constraints
Proceedings of the 16th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Hotspot: acompact thermal modeling methodology for early-stage VLSI design
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Cool shapers: shaping real-time tasks for improved thermal guarantees
Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
On-chip temperatures continue to rise, in spite of design efforts towards more efficient cooling and novel low-power technologies. Run-time thermal management techniques, such as speed scaling and system throttling, constitute a standard component in today's processors. One such technique is the feedback control of the processing speed based on the on-chip temperature. If suitably designed, such a controller can ensure that the temperature of the processor does not exceed a given bound, independent of the application. Such isolation of needs is encouraging. However, from the application's stand-point, such a processor must provide performance guarantees; in particular, the guarantee that real-time jobs do not have worst-case delays larger than their relative deadlines. For applications which exhibit variability, such as bursty arrival patterns, computing such guarantees is not apparent. As key enablers in such a computation, for the specific setting of First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) scheduling, we (a) define and prove a monotonicity principle satisfied by the processor with the said controller, and (b) propose a thermally clipped processor model. We identify the worst-case trace simulating which on a suitably chosen thermally clipped processor provides the tight upper-bound on the worst-case delay. These results hold for general models of (a) the power consumption of the processor, (b) its thermal model, (c) the speed scaling law, and (d) the task model. For this modelling scope, we show that the same worst-case trace also leads to the worst-case temperature of the processor. This is useful to characterise tasks which do not load the processor sufficiently to hit the given peak temperature bound. We demonstrate the utility of this calculation by designing a shaper to delay the arrival times of jobs and thereby restrict the observed worst-case temperature while still meeting the task's deadlines.