Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Display of Surfaces from Volume Data
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Footprint evaluation for volume rendering
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Hierarchical splatting: a progressive refinement algorithm for volume rendering
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Fast volume rendering using a shear-warp factorization of the viewing transformation
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Extracting surfaces from fuzzy 3D-ultrasound data
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
VIS '97 Proceedings of the 8th conference on Visualization '97
Semi-automatic generation of transfer functions for direct volume rendering
VVS '98 Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE symposium on Volume visualization
Surfels: surface elements as rendering primitives
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
QSplat: a multiresolution point rendering system for large meshes
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visualization of 3D Ultrasound Data
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Preprocessing and Volume Rendering of 3D Ultrasonic Data
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Texture splats for 3D scalar and vector field visualization
VIS '93 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Visualization '93
Visualization in Medicine: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications
Visualization in Medicine: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications
Hierarchical σ-octree for visualization of ultrasound datasets
FSKD'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery
HeartPad: real-time visual guidance for cardiac ultrasound
Proceedings of the Workshop at SIGGRAPH Asia
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We present a new technique for visualizing surfaces from 3D ultrasound data. 3D ultrasound datasets are typically fuzzy, contain a substantial amount of noise and speckle, and suffer from several other problems that make extraction of continuous and smooth surfaces extremely difficult. We propose a novel opacity classification algorithm for 3D ultrasound datasets, based on the variational principle. More specifically, we compute a volumetric opacity function that optimally satisfies a set of simultaneous requirements. One requirement makes the function attain nonzero values only in the vicinity of a user-specified value, resulting in soft shells of finite, approximately constant thickness around isosurfaces in the volume. Other requirements are designed to make the function smoother and less sensitive to noise and speckle. The computed opacity function lends itself well to explicit geometric surface extraction, as well as to direct volume rendering at interactive rates. We also describe a new splatting algorithm that is particularly well suited for displaying soft opacity shells. Several examples and comparisons are included to illustrate our approach and demonstrate its effectiveness on real 3D ultrasound datasets.