Numerical recipes in C: the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C: the art of scientific computing
A modified Hough scheme for general circle location
Pattern Recognition Letters
Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
A method for detection of circular arcs based on the Hough transform
Machine Vision and Applications
Recognizing Human Facial Expressions From Long Image Sequences Using Optical Flow
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Adaptive-Size Meshes for Rigid and Nonrigid Shape Analysis and Synthesis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition: Features Versus Templates
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face and Facial Feature Extraction from Color Image
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
MPEG4 face modeling using fiducial points
ICIP '97 Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP '97) 3-Volume Set-Volume 1 - Volume 1
Eye Tracking and Animation for MPEG-4 Coding
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 2 - Volume 2
A robust method for eye features extraction on color image
Pattern Recognition Letters
An efficient facial expression detection system
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
A novel method for eye features extraction
CIS'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Computational and Information Science
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Accurate localization and tracking of facial features are crucial for developing high quality model-based coding (MPEG-4) systems. For teleconferencing applications at very low bit rates, it is necessary to track eye and lip movements accurately over time. These movements can be coded and transmitted to a remote site, where animation techniques can be used to synthesize facial movements on a model of a face. In this paper we describe the integration of simple heuristics which are effective in improving the results of well-known facial feature detection with robust techniques for adapting a dynamic mesh for animation. A new method of generating a self-adaptive mesh using an extended dynamic mesh (EDM) is proposed to overcome the convergence problem of the dynamic-motion-equation method (DMM). The new method consisting of two-step mesh adaptation (called coarse-to-fine adaptation) can enhance the stability of the DMM and improve the performance of the adaptive process. The accuracy of the proposed approach is demonstrated by experiments on eye model animation. In this paper, we focus our discussion only on the detection, tracking, modeling and animation of eye movements.