A randomized protocol for signing contracts
Communications of the ACM
Value exchange systems enabling security and unobservability
Computers and Security
Impossibility of distributed consensus with one faulty process
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Breaking and repairing a convertible undeniable signature scheme
CCS '96 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Fair exchange with a semi-trusted third party (extended abstract)
Proceedings of the 4th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Optimistic protocols for fair exchange
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ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Efficient Identification and Signatures for Smart Cards
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Zero Knowledge Proofs of Knowledge in Two Rounds
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
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More Flexible Exponentiation with Precomputation
CRYPTO '94 Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Proofs of Partial Knowledge and Simplified Design of Witness Hiding Protocols
CRYPTO '94 Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
New Efficient and Secure Protocols for Verifiable Signature Sharing and Other Applications
CRYPTO '98 Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
On Defining Proofs of Knowledge
CRYPTO '92 Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
A protocol for signing contracts
ACM SIGACT News - A special issue on cryptography
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WOEC'95 Proceedings of the 1st conference on USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce - Volume 1
Designated verifier proofs and their applications
EUROCRYPT'96 Proceedings of the 15th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
New convertible undeniable signature schemes
EUROCRYPT'96 Proceedings of the 15th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
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EUROCRYPT'96 Proceedings of the 15th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
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EUROCRYPT'92 Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
A Juridical Validation of a Contract Signing Protocol
EC-WEB '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on E-Commerce and Web Technologies
CRYPTO '00 Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Analysis of Abuse-Free Contract Signing
FC '00 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Financial Cryptography
Efficient Optimistic N-Party Contract Signing Protocol
ISC '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Security
Game Analysis of Abuse-free Contract Signing
CSFW '02 Proceedings of the 15th IEEE workshop on Computer Security Foundations
Certified E-Mail Delivery with DSA Receipts
IPDPS '05 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05) - Workshop 17 - Volume 18
Constraint solving for contract-signing protocols
CONCUR 2005 - Concurrency Theory
Cryptographic Protocol Explication and End-Point Projection
ESORICS '08 Proceedings of the 13th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security: Computer Security
Ambiguous Optimistic Fair Exchange
ASIACRYPT '08 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
Security of Verifiably Encrypted Signatures and a Construction without Random Oracles
Pairing '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference Palo Alto on Pairing-Based Cryptography
Accountability: definition and relationship to verifiability
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
New receipt-free voting scheme using double-trapdoor commitment
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A new method for formalizing optimistic fair exchange protocols
ICICS'10 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Information and communications security
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Pairing'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Pairing-based cryptography
One-time trapdoor one-way functions
ISC'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Information security
Contract signature in e-commerce
Computers and Electrical Engineering
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Information Sciences: an International Journal
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EuroPKI'10 Proceedings of the 7th European conference on Public key infrastructures, services and applications
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ISC'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Information Security
The fairness of perfect concurrent signatures
ICICS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Information and Communications Security
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CMS'05 Proceedings of the 9th IFIP TC-6 TC-11 international conference on Communications and Multimedia Security
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ICALP'06 Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on Automata, Languages and Programming - Volume Part II
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ISPA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications
Usable optimistic fair exchange
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Efficient identity-based protocol for fair certified e-mail delivery
CANS'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Cryptology and Network Security
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CT-RSA'06 Proceedings of the 2006 The Cryptographers' Track at the RSA conference on Topics in Cryptology
State and Progress in Strand Spaces: Proving Fair Exchange
Journal of Automated Reasoning
Deciding properties of contract-signing protocols
STACS'05 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science
Fairness electronic payment protocol
International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing
Three-round abuse-free optimistic contract signing with everlasting secrecy
FC'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security
Further observations on optimistic fair exchange protocols in the multi-user setting
PKC'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptography
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AFRICACRYPT'10 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Cryptology in Africa
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ACISP'06 Proceedings of the 11th Australasian conference on Information Security and Privacy
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CT-RSA'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Topics in Cryptology
ICCSA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part IV
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VMCAI'12 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation
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Mathematical and Computer Modelling: An International Journal
PKC'12 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptography
A cryptographic model for branching time security properties: the case of contract signing protocols
ESORICS'07 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Research in Computer Security
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ISC'07 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Information Security
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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We introduce the notion of abuse-free distributed contract signing, that is, distributed contract signing in which no party ever can prove to a third party that he is capable of choosing whether to validate or invalidate the contract. Assume Alice and Bob are signing a contract. If the contract protocol they use is not abuse-free, then it is possible for one party, say Alice, at some point to convince a third party, Val, that Bob is committed to the contract, whereas she is not yet. Contract protocols with this property are therefore not favorable to Bob, as there is a risk that Alice does not really want to sign the contract with him, but only use his willingness to sign to get leverage for another contract. Most existing optimistic contract signing schemes are not abuse-free. (The only optimistic contract signing scheme to date that does not have this property is inefficient, and is only abuse-free against an off-line attacker.) We give an efficient abuse-free optimistic contract-signing protocol based on ideas introduced for designated verifier proofs (i.e., proofs for which only a designated verifier can be convinced). Our basic solution is for two parties. We show that straightforward extensions to n 2 party contracts do not work, and then show how to construct a three-party abuse-free optimistic contract-signing protocol. An important technique we introduce is a type of signature we call a private contract signature. Roughly, these are designated verifier signatures that can be converted into universally-verifiable signatures by either the signing party or a trusted third party appointed by the signing party, whose identity and power to convert can be verified (without interaction) by the party who is the designated verifier.