Profile guided code positioning
PLDI '90 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1990 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Reducing the frequency of tag compares for low power I-cache design
ISLPED '95 Proceedings of the 1995 international symposium on Low power design
Analytical energy dissipation models for low-power caches
ISLPED '97 Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
The filter cache: an energy efficient memory structure
MICRO 30 Proceedings of the 30th annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
MediaBench: a tool for evaluating and synthesizing multimedia and communicatons systems
MICRO 30 Proceedings of the 30th annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
A 160-MHz, 32-b, 0.5-W CMOS RISC microprocessor
Digital Technical Journal
Computer architecture (2nd ed.): a quantitative approach
Computer architecture (2nd ed.): a quantitative approach
Using dynamic cache management techniques to reduce energy in a high-performance processor
ISLPED '99 Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
ISLPED '99 Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Way-predicting set-associative cache for high performance and low energy consumption
ISLPED '99 Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
SH3: High Code Density, Low Power
IEEE Micro
Performance and power effectiveness in embedded processors customizable partitioned caches
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Application specific non-volatile primary memory for embedded systems
CODES+ISSS '08 Proceedings of the 6th IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/Software codesign and system synthesis
TLB index-based tagging for cache energy reduction
Proceedings of the 17th IEEE/ACM international symposium on Low-power electronics and design
Adopting TLB index-based tagging to data caches for tag energy reduction
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
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In this paper we present a software-directed customization methodology for minimizing the energy dissipation in the instruction cache, one of the most power consuming microarchitectural components of high-end embedded processors. We target particularly the instruction cache tag operations and show how an exceedingly small number of tag bits, if any, are needed to compute the miss/hit behavior for the most frequently executed application loops, thus minimizing the energy needed to perform the tag reads and comparisons. The proposed methodology exploits the fact that the code layout structure of the program loops can be identified after compile and link, and that it typically resides in a very confined memory location, for which very few bits from the effective address can be utilized as a tag. Subsequently, we present an efficient, programmable implementation to apply the suggested energy minimization technique. The experimental results show a significant decrease in energy dissipation for a set of real-life applications.