Rights protection for relational data
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
An abstract interpretation-based framework for software watermarking
Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Tamper-proofing software watermarks
ACSW Frontiers '04 Proceedings of the second workshop on Australasian information security, Data Mining and Web Intelligence, and Software Internationalisation - Volume 32
Proving Ownership over Categorical Data
ICDE '04 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Data Engineering
Security in sensor networks: watermarking techniques
Wireless sensor networks
Rights Protection for Relational Data
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Software watermarking via opaque predicates: Implementation, analysis, and attacks
Electronic Commerce Research
Manufacturing opaque predicates in distributed systems for code obfuscation
ACSC '06 Proceedings of the 29th Australasian Computer Science Conference - Volume 48
Software watermarking in the frequency domain: implementation, analysis, and attacks
Journal of Computer Security - Special issue on security track at ACM symposium on applied computing 2004
Recognition in software watermarking
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Contents protection and security
Dynamic graph-based software fingerprinting
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Resilient rights protection for sensor streams
VLDB '04 Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 30
Semantics-based code obfuscation by abstract interpretation
Journal of Computer Security
Control flow obfuscation with information flow tracking
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Watermarking techniques for electronic circuit design
IWDW'02 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Digital watermarking
IWDW'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Digital Watermarking
Graph theoretic software watermarks: implementation, analysis, and attacks
IH'04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information Hiding
Soft IP protection: watermarking HDL codes
IH'04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information Hiding
Opaque predicates detection by abstract interpretation
AMAST'06 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology
Watermarking essential data structures for copyright protection
CANS'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Cryptology and Network Security
A survey of control-flow obfuscations
ICISS'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Information Systems Security
A novel obfuscation: class hierarchy flattening
FPS'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Foundations and Practice of Security
AppInk: watermarking android apps for repackaging deterrence
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSAC symposium on Information, computer and communications security
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There are at least four US patents on software watermarking, and an idea for further advancing the state of the art was presented by C. Collberg and C. Thomborsen (1999). The new idea is to embed a watermark in dynamic data structures, thereby protecting against many program-transformation attacks. Until now there have been no reports on practical experience with this technique. We have implemented and experimented with a watermarking system for Java based on the ideas of Collberg and Thomborsen. Our experiments show that watermarking can be done efficiently with moderate increases in code size, execution times and heap-space usage, while making the watermarked code resilient to a variety of program-transformation attacks. For a particular representation of watermarks, the time to retrieve a watermark is on the order of one minute per megabyte of heap space. Our implementation is not designed to resists all possible attacks; to do that, it should be combined with other protection techniques, such as obfuscation and tamperproofing.