Watermarking techniques for intellectual property protection
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Analysis of watermarking techniques for graph coloring problem
Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Intellectual property protection by watermarking combinational logic synthesis solutions
Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Software watermarking: models and dynamic embeddings
Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Reuse methodology manual: for system-on-a-chip designs
Reuse methodology manual: for system-on-a-chip designs
Robust techniques for watermarking sequential circuit designs
Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Behavioral synthesis techniques for intellectual property protection
Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Fingerprinting intellectual property using constraint-addition
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Design Automation Conference
Watermarking, tamper-proffing, and obfuscation: tools for software protection
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Practical Method for Watermarking Java Programs
COMPSAC '00 24th International Computer Software and Applications Conference
Robust Object Watermarking: Application to Code
IH '99 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding
A Graph Theoretic Approach to Software Watermarking
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Experience with software watermarking
ACSAC '00 Proceedings of the 16th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Sandmark--A Tool for Software Protection Research
IEEE Security and Privacy
An abstract interpretation-based framework for software watermarking
Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
IPP@HDL: efficient intellectual property protection scheme for IP cores
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Symposium on Integrated Circuits and System Design: Chip on the Dunes
A fractal watermark solution for product data
CSCWD'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Computer supported cooperative work in design III
Solvability of a system of bivariate polynomial equations over a finite field
ICALP'05 Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Automata, Languages and Programming
Data hiding in compiled program binaries for enhancing computer system performance
IH'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information Hiding
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Intellectual property (IP) reuse based design is one of the most promising techniques to close the so-called design productivity gap. To facilitate better IP reuse, it is desirable to have IPs exchanged in the soft form such as hardware description language (HDL) source codes. However, soft IPs have higher protection requirements than hard IPs and most existing IP protection techniques are not applicable to soft IPs. In this paper, we describe the basic requirements, make the necessary assumptions, and propose several practical schemes for HDL code protection. We protect the HDL codes by hiding author’s signature also called as watermarking, similar to the idea for hard IP and multimedia data protection. But the new challenge is how to embed watermark into HDL source codes, which must be properly documented and synthesizable for reuse. We leverage the unique feature of Verilog HDL design to develop several watermarking techniques. These techniques can protect both new and existing Verilog designs. We watermark SCU-RTL & ISCAS benchmark Verilog circuits, as well as a MP3 decoder. Both original and watermarked designs are implemented on ASICs & FPGAs. The results show that the proposed techniques survive the commercial synthesis tools and cause little design overhead in terms of area/resources, delay and power.