Coping with inconsistency due to network delays in collaborative virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
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IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
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Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: Advances in collaborative virtual environments
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Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications - Special issue on non-photorealistic rendering a virtual environment for teaching social skills
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Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments
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INTETAIN'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment
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This paper is concerned with the concurrency control for collaborative virtual environments. In particular, we describe how concurrent actions are coordinated in a multi-user, large-scale 3-D layout system CIAO. In contrast to many existing systems that sacrifice responsiveness in order to maintain consistency, CIAO achieves optimal response and notification time without compromising consistency. The optimal responsiveness is achieved by a new multicast-based, optimistic concurrency control mechanism. Even operations on a group of related objects do not entail any latency for concurrency control. We also present the multi-user interfaces of CIAO that provide some sense of isolation as well as rich awareness.