Fast time-series searching with scaling and shifting
PODS '99 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems
Deformable Markov model templates for time-series pattern matching
Proceedings of the sixth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Supporting subseries nearest neighbor search via approximation
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Information and knowledge management
A comparison of DFT and DWT based similarity search in time-series databases
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Locally adaptive dimensionality reduction for indexing large time series databases
SIGMOD '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Ensemble-index: a new approach to indexing large databases
Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Efficient and robust feature extraction and pattern matching of time series by a lattice structure
Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information and knowledge management
ADC '01 Proceedings of the 12th Australasian database conference
General match: a subsequence matching method in time-series databases based on generalized windows
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Locally adaptive dimensionality reduction for indexing large time series databases
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Evaluating continuous nearest neighbor queries for streaming time series via pre-fetching
Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on Information and knowledge management
High-dimensional nearest neighbor search with remote data centers
Knowledge and Information Systems
On the Discovery of Weak Periodicities in Large Time Series
PKDD '02 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Multiscale Comparison of Temporal Patternsin Time-Series Medical Databases
PKDD '02 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Surfing Wavelets on Streams: One-Pass Summaries for Approximate Aggregate Queries
Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
AIM: Approximate Intelligent Matching for Time Series Data
DaWaK 2000 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery
PADKK '00 Proceedings of the 4th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Current Issues and New Applications
Efficient Pattern Matching of Time Series Data
IEA/AIE '02 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems: developments in applied artificial intelligence
Qualitative Comparison of Temporal Series. QSI
CCIA '02 Proceedings of the 5th Catalonian Conference on AI: Topics in Artificial Intelligence
Efficient Similarity Search for Time Series Data Based on the Minimum Distance
CAiSE '02 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
A survey on wavelet applications in data mining
ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter
On the need for time series data mining benchmarks: a survey and empirical demonstration
Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Similarity measure based on partial information of time series
Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques for classification and visualization
Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
One-Pass Wavelet Decompositions of Data Streams
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Mining Asynchronous Periodic Patterns in Time Series Data
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Haar Wavelets for Efficient Similarity Search of Time-Series: With and Without Time Warping
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Properties of Embedding Methods for Similarity Searching in Metric Spaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On the Need for Time Series Data Mining Benchmarks: A Survey and Empirical Demonstration
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Warping indexes with envelope transforms for query by humming
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
A symbolic representation of time series, with implications for streaming algorithms
DMKD '03 Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGMOD workshop on Research issues in data mining and knowledge discovery
Efficient elastic burst detection in data streams
Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Probabilistic discovery of time series motifs
Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Minimum distance queries for time series data
Journal of Systems and Software
Incremental, Online, and Merge Mining of Partial Periodic Patterns in Time-Series Databases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Optimizing Similarity Search for Arbitrary Length Time Series Queries
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Online Amnesic Approximation of Streaming Time Series
ICDE '04 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Data Engineering
A novel technique for indexing video surveillance data
IWVS '03 First ACM SIGMM international workshop on Video surveillance
A Subsequence Matching Algorithm that Supports Normalization Transform in Time-Series Databases
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Efficient processing of subsequence matching with the Euclidean metric in time-series databases
Information Processing Letters
Indexing spatio-temporal trajectories with Chebyshev polynomials
SIGMOD '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Automated extraction and parameterization of motions in large data sets
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Indexing of variable length multi-attribute motion data
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Multimedia databases
Bounded similarity querying for time-series data
Information and Computation - Special issue: Commemorating the 50th birthday anniversary of Paris C. Kanellakis
Robust and fast similarity search for moving object trajectories
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Finding similarity in time series data by method of time weighted moments
ADC '05 Proceedings of the 16th Australasian database conference - Volume 39
Scaling and time warping in time series querying
VLDB '05 Proceedings of the 31st international conference on Very large data bases
Shapes based trajectory queries for moving objects
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international workshop on Geographic information systems
Proceedings of the third ACM international workshop on Video surveillance & sensor networks
Integrating DCT and DWT for approximating cube streams
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Generalized Dimension-Reduction Framework for Recent-Biased Time Series Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
An efficient subsequence matching method based on index interpolation
IEA/AIE'2005 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Innovations in Applied Artificial Intelligence
Hypercube sweeping algorithm for subsequence motion matching in large motion databases
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM international conference on Virtual reality continuum and its applications
A Bit Level Representation for Time Series Data Mining with Shape Based Similarity
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
A geometrical solution to time series searching invariant to shifting and scaling
Knowledge and Information Systems
Quantizing time series for efficient similarity search under time warping
ACST'06 Proceedings of the 2nd IASTED international conference on Advances in computer science and technology
Quantizing time series for efficient subsequence matching
DBA'06 Proceedings of the 24th IASTED international conference on Database and applications
Efficient human motion retrieval in large databases
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and Southeast Asia
Efficient range-constrained similarity search on wavelet synopses over multiple streams
CIKM '06 Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Stock time series pattern matching: Template-based vs. rule-based approaches
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Mining for weak periodic signals in time series databases
Intelligent Data Analysis
An efficient and accurate method for evaluating time series similarity
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Segmental Hidden Markov Models with Random Effects for Waveform Modeling
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Generalized regression model for sequence matching and clustering
Knowledge and Information Systems
Prefix-querying with anL1 distance metric for time-series subsequence matching under time warping
Journal of Information Science
General Hierarchical Model (GHM) to measure similarity of time series
ACM SIGMOD Record
Experiencing SAX: a novel symbolic representation of time series
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
StatStream: statistical monitoring of thousands of data streams in real time
VLDB '02 Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Very Large Data Bases
Network traffic analysis using singular value decomposition and multiscale transforms
Information Sciences: an International Journal
EXTRA: a system for example-based translation assistance
Machine Translation
Using multiple indexes for efficient subsequence matching in time-series databases
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Approximate Query Processing in Cube Streams
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
MRST: an efficient monitoring technology of summarization on stream data
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Indexing large human-motion databases
VLDB '04 Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 30
On the marriage of Lp-norms and edit distance
VLDB '04 Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 30
Boolean representation based data-adaptive correlation analysis over time series streams
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management
An improved feature extraction technique for high volume time series data
SPPR'07 Proceedings of the Fourth conference on IASTED International Conference: Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition, and Applications
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Representing financial time series based on data point importance
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Evaluation of similarity searching methods for music data in P2P networks
International Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Mining
Fast and quality-guaranteed data streaming in resource-constrained sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Scaling and time warping in time series querying
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Clustering Streaming Time Series Using CBC
ICCS '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part III: ICCS 2007
Multi-Scale Kernel Latent Variable Models for Nonlinear Time Series Pattern Matching
Neural Information Processing
Extending the Edit Distance Using Frequencies of Common Characters
DEXA '08 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Identifying Similar Subsequences in Data Streams
DEXA '08 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Assisting decision making in the event-driven enterprise using wavelets
Decision Support Systems
Time series classification based on qualitative space fragmentation
Advanced Engineering Informatics
A Piecewise Linear Representation Method of Time Series Based on Feature Points
KES '07 Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems and the XVII Italian Workshop on Neural Networks on Proceedings of the 11th International Conference
An Improvement of PAA for Dimensionality Reduction in Large Time Series Databases
PRICAI '08 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Trends in Artificial Intelligence
Technical Section: Sketch-based modeling: A survey
Computers and Graphics
Perceptually consistent example-based human motion retrieval
Proceedings of the 2009 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Adaptive correlation analysis in stream time series with sliding windows
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Similarity measures for trajectory of moving objects in cellular space
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing
Signal Subspace Separation Based on the Divergence Measure of a Set of Wavelets Coefficients
ICA '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation
Periodic Pattern Analysis in Time Series Databases
DASFAA '09 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications
Efficient Detection of Discords for Time Series Stream
APWeb/WAIM '09 Proceedings of the Joint International Conferences on Advances in Data and Web Management
A Quantitative Method for Comparing Multi-Agent-Based Simulations in Feature Space
Multi-Agent-Based Simulation IX
Fast stroke matching by angle quantization
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Immersive Telecommunications
iSAX: disk-aware mining and indexing of massive time series datasets
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Efficient discovery of unusual patterns in time series
New Generation Computing
Efficient anomaly monitoring over moving object trajectory streams
Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Finding Structural Similarity in Time Series Data Using Bag-of-Patterns Representation
SSDBM 2009 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management
A time series representation model for accurate and fast similarity detection
Pattern Recognition
Multi-level Abstractions and Multi-dimensional Retrieval of Cases with Time Series Features
ICCBR '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning: Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development
Similarity Matches of Gene Expression Data Based on Wavelet Transform
SCIA '09 Proceedings of the 16th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis
Feature extraction from time series data
Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering
A statistical approach for selecting discriminative features of spatial regions of interest
Intelligent Data Analysis
Case-based retrieval to support the treatment of end stage renal failure patients
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Indexing 3-D human motion repositories for content-based retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine - Special section on computational intelligence in medical systems
Evaluating similarity-based trace reduction techniques for scalable performance analysis
Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Computing Networking, Storage and Analysis
SmartFall: an automatic fall detection system based on subsequence matching for the SmartCane
BodyNets '09 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Body Area Networks
Bounded similarity querying for time-series data
Information and Computation
An improved feature extraction technique for high volume time series data
SPPRA '07 Proceedings of the Fourth IASTED International Conference on Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition, and Applications
Distortion-free predictive streaming time-series matching
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Correlation analysis of spatial time series datasets: a filter-and-refine approach
PAKDD'03 Proceedings of the 7th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining
Real-time segmenting time series data
APWeb'03 Proceedings of the 5th Asia-Pacific web conference on Web technologies and applications
Similarity search using the polar wavelet in time series databases
ICIC'07 Proceedings of the intelligent computing 3rd international conference on Advanced intelligent computing theories and applications
Efficient time series data classification and compression in distributed monitoring
PAKDD'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Emerging technologies in knowledge discovery and data mining
Interval-focused similarity search in time series databases
DASFAA'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Database systems for advanced applications
Segmentation and classification of time-series: real case studies
IDEAL'09 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent data engineering and automated learning
Online constrained pattern detection over streams
FSKD'09 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery - Volume 5
Approximate clustering of time series using compact model-based descriptions
DASFAA'08 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Database systems for advanced applications
Searching trajectories by locations: an efficiency study
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
Benchmarking dynamic time warping for music retrieval
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
Adaptive dimensionality reduction for recent-biased time series analysis
Proceedings of the 1st Amrita ACM-W Celebration on Women in Computing in India
A real time hybrid pattern matching scheme for stock time series
ADC '10 Proceedings of the Twenty-First Australasian Conference on Database Technologies - Volume 104
Efficient algorithm for a novel pattern of time series
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Discrete wavelet transform-based time series analysis and mining
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A framework for time-series analysis
AIMSA'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Artificial intelligence: methodology, systems, and applications
Enhancing the symbolic aggregate approximation method using updated lookup tables
KES'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Knowledge-based and intelligent information and engineering systems: Part I
HOT aSAX: a novel adaptive symbolic representation for time series discords discovery
ACIIDS'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Intelligent information and database systems: Part I
A review on time series data mining
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
On similarity search in audio signals using adaptive sparse approximations
AMR'09 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Adaptive multimedia retrieval: understanding media and adapting to the user
Fast retrieval of time series using a multi-resolution filter with multiple reduced spaces
ADMA'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advanced data mining and applications: Part I
Piecewise cloud approximation for time series mining
Knowledge-Based Systems
Embedding-based subsequence matching in time-series databases
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Fusion of similarity measures for time series classification
HAIS'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Hybrid artificial intelligent systems - Volume Part II
Quality of similarity rankings in time series
SSTD'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Advances in spatial and temporal databases
Section-wise similarities for clustering and outlier detection of subjective sequential data
SIMBAD'11 Proceedings of the First international conference on Similarity-based pattern recognition
Function Annotation for Pseudoknot Using Structure Similarity
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB)
A similarity measure for time, frequency, and dependencies in large-scale workloads
Proceedings of 2011 International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis
Similarity matching for uncertain time series: analytical and experimental comparison
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Querying and Mining Uncertain Spatio-Temporal Data
Efficient time series matching based on HMTS algorithm
ICNC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part II
KI'05 Proceedings of the 28th annual German conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Hierarchical indexing structure for 3d human motions
MMM'07 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Multimedia Modeling - Volume Part I
Spatial feature based recognition of human dynamics in video sequences
ICAPR'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part II
Using multiple indexes for efficient subsequence matching in time-series databases
DASFAA'06 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications
DAPSS: exact subsequence matching for data streams
DASFAA'06 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications
A multi-hierarchical representation for similarity measurement of time series
PAKDD'06 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
Motion trajectory clustering for video retrieval using spatio-temporal approximations
VISUAL'05 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Visual Information and Information Systems
TWStream: finding correlated data streams under time warping
APWeb'06 Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Web conference on Frontiers of WWW Research and Development
Similarity search on time series based on threshold queries
EDBT'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Advances in Database Technology
TQuEST: threshold query execution for large sets of time series
EDBT'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Advances in Database Technology
Finding time series discords based on haar transform
ADMA'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications
On similarity of financial data series based on fractal dimension
ADMA'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications
Efficient motion search in large motion capture databases
ISVC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Visual Computing - Volume Part I
A novel wavelet transform based on polar coordinates for datamining applications
FSKD'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery - Volume Part II
Efficient pattern matching of multidimensional sequences
RSFDGrC'05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing - Volume Part II
Tight bounds on the estimation distance using wavelet
WAIM '06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in Web-Age Information Management
Incremental DFT based search algorithm for similar sequence
FSKD'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery - Volume Part I
Dynamic pattern mining: an incremental data clustering approach
Journal on Data Semantics II
Case based representation and retrieval with time dependent features
ICCBR'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development
The filter-placement problem and its application to minimizing information multiplicity
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Clustering time-series medical databases based on the improved multiscale matching
ISMIS'05 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
Discovering key sequences in time series data for pattern classification
ICDM'06 Proceedings of the 6th Industrial Conference on Data Mining conference on Advances in Data Mining: applications in Medicine, Web Mining, Marketing, Image and Signal Mining
Discovering knowledge about key sequences for indexing time series cases in medical applications
ECCBR'06 Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Advances in Case-Based Reasoning
Trace profiling: Scalable event tracing on high-end parallel systems
Parallel Computing
Intelligent data interpretation and case base exploration through temporal abstractions
ICCBR'10 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development
A comparison and evaluation of motion indexing techniques
MIG'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Motion in Games
A BIRCH-Based clustering method for large time series databases
PAKDD'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on New Frontiers in Applied Data Mining
Visually exploring movement data via similarity-based analysis
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
User oriented trajectory search for trip recommendation
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Extending Database Technology
SFA: a symbolic fourier approximation and index for similarity search in high dimensional datasets
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Extending Database Technology
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Multivariate time series segmentation for generalized description of dynamic systems operation
Optical Memory and Neural Networks
Uncertain time-series similarity: return to the basics
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Time series discord discovery using WAT algorithm and iSAX representation
Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Information and Communication Technology
Proceedings of the 16th International Database Engineering & Applications Sysmposium
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Rotation-invariant similarity in time series using bag-of-patterns representation
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
Genetic algorithms-based symbolic aggregate approximation
DaWaK'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Data Warehousing and Knowledge Discovery
A representation of time series based on implicit polynomial curve
Pattern Recognition Letters
Flexible and efficient retrieval of haemodialysis time series
BPM' 2012 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Process Support and Knowledge Representation in Health Care
Similarity search for time series based on efficient warping measure
DM-IKM '12 Proceedings of the Data Mining and Intelligent Knowledge Management Workshop
Information Retrieval with Time Series Query
Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval
Searching time series with Hadoop in an electric power company
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Big Data, Streams and Heterogeneous Source Mining: Algorithms, Systems, Programming Models and Applications
Multiresolution similarity search in time series data: an application to EEG signals
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
A metric learning based approach to evaluate task-specific time series similarity
WAIM'13 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Web-Age Information Management
A data-adaptive and dynamic segmentation index for whole matching on time series
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
OBST-based segmentation approach to financial time series
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Monitoring and diagnosing indicators for business analytics
CASCON '13 Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the Center for Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research
An approach to dimensionality reduction in time series
Information Sciences: an International Journal
The influence of global constraints on similarity measures for time-series databases
Knowledge-Based Systems
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
Time series stored as feature vectors can be indexed by multi-dimensional index trees like R-Tree for fast retrieval. Due to the dimensionality curse problem, transformations are applied to time series to reduce the number of dimensions of the feature vectors. Different transformations like Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) transform or Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) can be applied. While the use of DFT and K-L transform or SVD have been studied in the literature, to our knowledge, there is no in-depth study on the application of DWT. In this paper, we propose to use Haar Wavelet Transform for time series indexing. The major contributions are: (1) we show that Euclidean distance is preserved in the Haar transformed domain and no false dismissal will occur in range query, (2) we show that Haar transform can outperform DFT through experiments, (3) a new similarity model is suggested to accommodate vertical shift of time series, and (4) a two-phase method is proposed for efficient n-nearest neighbor query in time series databases.