Constrained B-spline curve and surface fitting
Computer-Aided Design
Real time spline curves from interactively sketched data
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Designing solid objects using interactive sketch interpretation
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Perceptual completion of occluded surfaces
Perceptual completion of occluded surfaces
SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive beautification: a technique for rapid geometric design
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Visual similarity of pen gestures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
International Journal of Computer Vision
Harold: a world made of drawings
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
A suggestive interface for 3D drawing
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
3D sketch: sketch-based model reconstruction and rendering
From geometric modeling to shape modeling
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Recognition of freehand sketches using mean shift
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Smooth meshes for sketch-based freeform modeling
I3D '03 Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Efficient Similarity Search In Sequence Databases
FODO '93 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Foundations of Data Organization and Algorithms
Sharp features on multiresolution subdivision surfaces
Graphical Models - Pacific graphics 2001
Curve and surface smoothing without shrinkage
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
A sketching interface for articulated figure animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Efficient Time Series Matching by Wavelets
ICDE '99 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Data Engineering
Suggestive contours for conveying shape
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Shape Matching: Similarity Measures and Algorithms
SMI '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on Shape Modeling & Applications
SMI '02 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2002 (SMI'02)
Sketch based interfaces: early processing for sketch understanding
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
A suggestive interface for image guided 3D sketching
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Stroke-Input Methods for Immersive Styling Environments
SMI '04 Proceedings of the Shape Modeling International 2004
Motion doodles: an interface for sketching character motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Mesh Modelling with Curve Analogies
PG '04 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics and Applications, 12th Pacific Conference
SketchREAD: a multi-domain sketch recognition engine
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interactive modelling from sketches using spherical implicit functions
AFRIGRAPH '04 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa
Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
A sketch-based interface for detail-preserving mesh editing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Sketch-based modeling with few strokes
Proceedings of the 21st spring conference on Computer graphics
Improving Visualization Skills in Engineering Education
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Motion Trajectory Learning in the DFT-Coefficient Feature Space
ICVS '06 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Systems
Modeling plant structures using concept sketches
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Pen-based styling design of 3D geometry using concept sketches and template models
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling
SmoothSketch: 3D free-form shapes from complex sketches
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
A sketching interface for modeling the internal structures of 3D shapes
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
Sketch-based modeling of parameterized objects
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Sketches
Free-Form Sketching of Self-Occluding Objects
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Sketch-Based 3D-Shape Creation for Industrial Styling Design
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Sketch-Based Interface for Clothing Virtual Characters
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
SMI '07 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications 2007
Improved skeleton extraction and surface generation for sketch-based modeling
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
Magic canvas: interactive design of a 3-D scene prototype from freehand sketches
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
FiberMesh: designing freeform surfaces with 3D curves
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
ShapePalettes: interactive normal transfer via sketching
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Plushie: an interactive design system for plush toys
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Generating subdivision surfaces from profile curves
Computer-Aided Design
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses
Optimization-based reconstruction of a 3D object from a single freehand line drawing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses
Developable surfaces from arbitrary sketched boundaries
SGP '07 Proceedings of the fifth Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing
Improving the sketch-based interface: Forming curves from many small strokes
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
Gestures without libraries, toolkits or training: a $1 recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The Mental Canvas: A Tool for Conceptual Architectural Design and Analysis
PG '07 Proceedings of the 15th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Computational Geometry: Algorithms and Applications
Computational Geometry: Algorithms and Applications
SilSketch: automated sketch-based editing of surface meshes
SBIM '07 Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling
Example-based conceptual styling framework for automotive shapes
SBIM '07 Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling
SBIM '07 Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling
Interactive Data Interpolation by Rational Bezier Curves
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Sketchpad: a man-machine graphical communication system
AFIPS '63 (Spring) Proceedings of the May 21-23, 1963, spring joint computer conference
Fast stroke matching by angle quantization
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Immersive Telecommunications
Frontal geometry from sketches of engineering objects: is line labelling necessary?
Computer-Aided Design
A freehand-sketch environment for architectural design supported by a multi-agent system
Computers and Graphics
An image-based, trainable symbol recognizer for hand-drawn sketches
Computers and Graphics
LADDER, a sketching language for user interface developers
Computers and Graphics
CIGRO: a minimal instruction set calligraphic interface for sketch-based modeling
ICCSA'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Computational science and its applications: PartIII
Digital styling for designers: 3D plane-symmetric freeform curve creation using sketch interface
ICCSA'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Computational science and its applications: PartIII
Sketch based construction and rendering of implicit models
Computational Aesthetics'05 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Cascading recognizers for ambiguous calligraphic interaction
SBM'04 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
On the evolution of geometrical reconstruction as a core technology to sketch-based modeling
SBM'04 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
A two-stage approach for interpreting line drawings of curved objects
SBM'04 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Towards 3D modeling using sketches and retrieval
SBM'04 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Constraint stroke-based oversketching for 3D curves
SBM'04 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Epipolar methods for multi-view sketching
SBM'04 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Sketching garments for virtual characters
SBM'04 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
An efficient graph-based symbol recognizer
SBM'06 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Constellation models for sketch recognition
SBM'06 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Construction and modification of 3D geometry using a sketch-based interface
SBM'06 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
SBM'06 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Sketch-based search and composition of 3D models
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Sketch-based parameterization of L-systems using illustration-inspired construction lines
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Sketching subdivision surfaces
Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Multi-touch focus+context sketch-based interaction
Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
IR2s: interactive real photo to Sumi-e
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Life-sketch: a framework for sketch-based modelling and animation of 3D objects
AUIC '10 Proceedings of the Eleventh Australasian Conference on User Interface - Volume 106
Sketch-based 3D face modeling for virtual character
Transactions on edutainment IV
A method for reconstructing sketched polyhedral shapes with rounds and fillets
SG'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Smart graphics
Pressure-based 3D curve drawing
SG'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Smart graphics
Sketching Variational Hermite-RBF implicits
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
Stroke extraction and classification for mesh inflation
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
Extended papers from NPAR 2010: Contour-driven Sumi-e rendering of real photos
Computers and Graphics
Sketch-based modeling of smooth surfaces using adaptive curve networks
Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Sketch express: facial expressions made easy
Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
An algorithm to detect the weak-symmetry of a simple polygon
ICIAR'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Image analysis and recognition - Volume Part I
Technical Section: Neural network-based symbol recognition using a few labeled samples
Computers and Graphics
MAESTRO: making art-enabled sketches through randomized operations
CAIP'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns - Volume Part I
Flexible shape control for automatic resizing of apparel products
Computer-Aided Design
CrossShade: shading concept sketches using cross-section curves
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
SMI 2012: Short Sketch based 3D modeling with curvature classification
Computers and Graphics
Mockup builder: direct 3D modeling on and above the surface in a continuous interaction space
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012
Sketch modeling of seismic horizons from uncertainty
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Exploiting artistic cues to obtain line labels for free-hand sketches
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Just DrawIt: a 3D sketching system
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Special Section on CANS: Sketch express: A sketching interface for facial animation
Computers and Graphics
RigMesh: automatic rigging for part-based shape modeling and deformation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
Computer Assisted Relief Generation—A Survey
Computer Graphics Forum
Technical Section: Sketch-based surface design using malleable curve networks
Computers and Graphics
AUIC '11 Proceedings of the Twelfth Australasian User Interface Conference - Volume 117
Sketch2Scene: sketch-based co-retrieval and co-placement of 3D models
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Handwriting beautification using token means
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Automatic single-view character model reconstruction
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction
Special Section on Expressive Graphics: Geological storytelling
Computers and Graphics
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing adjunct publication
Attribit: content creation with semantic attributes
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Tracking-based interaction for object creation in mobile augmented reality
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Multimedia
Sketch-based 3D model retrieval by incorporating 2D-3D alignment
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Interactive localized liquid motion editing
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
SMI 2013: Adequate inner bound for geometric modeling with compact field functions
Computers and Graphics
3D reconstruction of complex geometric solids from 2D line drawings
SIGGRAPH Asia 2013 Posters
Generation of Random Digital Simple Curves with Artistic Emulation
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
CAD/Graphics 2013: Sketch2Jewelry: Semantic feature modeling for sketch-based jewelry design
Computers and Graphics
New grouping and fitting methods for interactive overtraced sketches
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
Ting tools: interactive and procedural modeling of Chinese ting
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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User interfaces in modeling have traditionally followed the WIMP (Window, Icon, Menu, Pointer) paradigm. Though functional and very powerful, they can also be cumbersome and daunting to a novice user, and creating a complex model requires considerable expertise and effort. A recent trend is toward more accessible and natural interfaces, which has lead to sketch-based interfaces for modeling (SBIM). The goal is to allow sketches-hasty freehand drawings-to be used in the modeling process, from rough model creation through to fine detail construction. Mapping a 2D sketch to a 3D modeling operation is a difficult task, rife with ambiguity. To wit, we present a categorization based on how a SBIM application chooses to interpret a sketch, of which there are three primary methods: to create a 3D model, to add details to an existing model, or to deform and manipulate a model. Additionally, in this paper we introduce a survey of sketch-based interfaces focused on 3D geometric modeling applications. The canonical and recent works are presented and classified, including techniques for sketch acquisition, filtering, and interpretation. The survey also provides an overview of some specific applications of SBIM and a discussion of important challenges and open problems for researchers to tackle in the coming years.