SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Ambiguous intentions: a paper-like interface for creative design
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive beautification: a technique for rapid geometric design
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pose space deformation: a unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Evolving controllers for virtual creature locomotion
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Smooth meshes for sketch-based freeform modeling
I3D '03 Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Free-form deformations via sketching and manipulating scalar fields
SM '03 Proceedings of the eighth ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications
A sketching interface for articulated figure animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Sketch based interfaces: early processing for sketch understanding
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
Motion doodles: an interface for sketching character motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
As-rigid-as-possible shape manipulation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Spatial keyframing for performance-driven animation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Rough and ready prototypes: lessons from graphic design
CHI '92 Posters and Short Talks of the 1992 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SmoothSketch: 3D free-form shapes from complex sketches
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Monocular model-based 3D tracking of rigid objects
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Sketching-out virtual humans: from 2D storyboarding to immediate 3D character animation
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
ShapeShop: sketch-based solid modeling with BlobTrees
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
MIBlob: a tool for medical visualization and modelling using sketches
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Posters
Sketch-Based 3D-Shape Creation for Industrial Styling Design
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Sketch-Based Interface for Clothing Virtual Characters
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Improved skeleton extraction and surface generation for sketch-based modeling
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
FiberMesh: designing freeform surfaces with 3D curves
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Automatic rigging and animation of 3D characters
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Sketch-based tree modeling using Markov random field
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Sketch-based Interfaces: Sketching contours
Computers and Graphics
Sketch-Based Virtual Human Modelling and Animation
SG '07 Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Smart Graphics
Thor: Sketch-Based 3D Modeling by Skeletons
SG '08 Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on Smart Graphics
Technical Section: Sketch-based modeling: A survey
Computers and Graphics
Proceedings of the 2009 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Sketch and run: a stroke-based interface for home robots
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
3D sketching for aesthetic design using fully free-form deformation features
Computers and Graphics
A sketch-based method to control deformation in a skeletal implicit surface modeler
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the NZ Chapter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Human-Computer Interaction
RigMesh: automatic rigging for part-based shape modeling and deformation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
AUIC '11 Proceedings of the Twelfth Australasian User Interface Conference - Volume 117
A virtual touchscreen with depth recognition
AUIC '12 Proceedings of the Thirteenth Australasian User Interface Conference - Volume 126
An evaluation of a sketch-based model-by-example approach for crowd modelling
AUIC '12 Proceedings of the Thirteenth Australasian User Interface Conference - Volume 126
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The design and animation of digital 3D models is an essential task for many applications in science, engineering, education, medicine and arts. In many instances only an approximate representation is required and a simple and intuitive modelling and animation process, suitable for untrained users, is more important than realism and extensive features. Sketch-based modelling has been shown to be a suitable interface because the underlying pen-and-paper metaphor is intuitive and effective. In this paper we present LifeSketch, a framework for sketched-based modelling and animation. Three-dimensional models are created with a variation of the popular "Teddy" algorithm. The models are analysed and skeletons with joints are extracted fully automatically. The surface mesh is bound to the curved skeletons using skinning techniques and the resulting model can be animated using skeletal animation methods. The results of our evaluation and user study suggest that modelling and animation tasks are considerable more efficient than with traditional tools. The learning curve is very flat and a half page document was sufficient to familiarise users with the tools functionality. Users were satisfied with the automatically extracted joints, but some users struggled selecting the appropriate rotation axes and angles for animating the resulting 3D objects. A more intuitive, preferable automatic or sketch-based approach for animations is needed. Overall users were satisfied with the modelling capabilities of the tool, found most of its functionality natural and intuitive, and they enjoyed using it.