Pyramid-based texture analysis/synthesis
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Ambiguous intentions: a paper-like interface for creative design
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A cellular texture basis function
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Multiresolution sampling procedure for analysis and synthesis of texture images
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fast texture synthesis using tree-structured vector quantization
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A Parametric Texture Model Based on Joint Statistics of Complex Wavelet Coefficients
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special issue on statistical and computational theories of vision: modeling, learning, sampling and computing, Part I
I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Image quilting for texture synthesis and transfer
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real-time procedural generation of `pseudo infinite' cities
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Texture Mixing and Texture Movie Synthesis Using Statistical Learning
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A sketching interface for articulated figure animation
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Texture Synthesis by Non-Parametric Sampling
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Graphcut textures: image and video synthesis using graph cuts
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Wang Tiles for image and texture generation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Motion doodles: an interface for sketching character motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Parallel controllable texture synthesis
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Texture optimization for example-based synthesis
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Fast and accurate goal-directed motion synthesis for crowds
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
A New Static Depiction and Input Technique for 2D Animation
VLHCC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing
Appearance-space texture synthesis
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ShapeShop: sketch-based solid modeling with BlobTrees
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
MIBlob: a tool for medical visualization and modelling using sketches
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Posters
MotionMaster: authoring and choreographing Kung-fu motions by sketch drawings
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
A Sketch-Based Interface for Clothing Virtual Characters
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Solid texture synthesis from 2D exemplars
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
k-means++: the advantages of careful seeding
SODA '07 Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Sketch-based tree modeling using Markov random field
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Efficient texture synthesis using strict Wang Tiles
Graphical Models
Technical Section: Sketch-based modeling: A survey
Computers and Graphics
Proceedings of the 2009 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Sketch and run: a stroke-based interface for home robots
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using a sketch pad interface for interacting with a robot team
AAAI'05 Proceedings of the 20th national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 4
Generating systems from multiple sketched models
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Multi-fidelity prototyping of user interfaces
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the NZ Chapter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Human-Computer Interaction
Life-sketch: a framework for sketch-based modelling and animation of 3D objects
AUIC '10 Proceedings of the Eleventh Australasian Conference on User Interface - Volume 106
SketchNode: intelligent sketching support and formal diagramming
Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction
Survey of clustering algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Stroke-based transfer function design
SPBG'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Point-Based Graphics
A virtual touchscreen with depth recognition
AUIC '12 Proceedings of the Thirteenth Australasian User Interface Conference - Volume 126
An evaluation of a sketch-based model-by-example approach for crowd modelling
AUIC '12 Proceedings of the Thirteenth Australasian User Interface Conference - Volume 126
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The creation of complex virtual worlds has expanded from the domain of designers and animators to that of general users with no background in computer graphics. Example applications are military simulations, urban planning, landscape design, search and rescue simulations, and social media technologies such as "Second Life". In many cases the user wants to create content containing hundreds or thousands of similar objects. Modelling and placing each individual object is infeasible and new ways must be found to allow users to easily specify the distribution of a large number of objects. In this paper we introduce a sketch-based approach for crowd modelling, which is intuitive and suitable for different input devices such as mice, sketch pads, and touch screens (Windows 7). We derive design requirements by analysing real environments and by testing users' abilities to characterise crowds and collections/accumulations of objects. Based on these requirements we formulate a model-by-example approach in which users sketch a sample distribution of objects and our tool computes the complete "population" of objects over a domain specified with a sketched contour. In order to deal with different distribution patterns we first characterise the input and then use clustering and texture synthesis to replicate the characteristics over the domain. Initial results demonstrate that the tool gives plausible results for random, regular and clustered input and that it can be used in a wide variety of modelling applications.