Teaching and learning as multimedia authoring: the classroom 2000 project
MULTIMEDIA '96 Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Modeling focus of attention for meeting indexing
MULTIMEDIA '99 Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 1)
Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition
Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition
Parametrized structure from motion for 3D adaptive feedback tracking of faces
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
WACV '96 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV '96)
A model-based gaze tracking system
IJSIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Joint Symposia on Intelligence and Systems
Evaluating look-to-talk: a gaze-aware interface in a collaborative environment
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Head orientation and gaze direction in meetings
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Face-Responsive Interfaces: From Direct Manipulation to Perceptive Presence
UbiComp '02 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
AuraMirror: artistically visualizing attention
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tracking Focus of Attention in Meetings
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Attentional Object Spotting by Integrating Multimodal Input
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Providing the basis for human-robot-interaction: a multi-modal attention system for a mobile robot
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Auramirror: reflections on attention
Proceedings of the 2004 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Visual resonator: interface for interactive cocktail party phenomenon
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Smart meeting systems: A survey of state-of-the-art and open issues
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
PERVASIVE'07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Pervasive computing
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Estimating a person's focus of attention is useful for various human-computer interaction applications, such as smart meeting rooms, where a user's goals and intent have to be monitored. In work presented here, we are interested in modeling focus of attention in a meeting situation. We have developed a system capable of estimating participants' focus of attention from multiple cues. We employ an omnidirectional camera to simultaneously track participants' faces around a meeting table and use neural networks to estimate their head poses. In addition, we use microphones to detect who is speaking. The system predicts participants' focus of attention from acoustic and visual information separately, and then combines the output of the audio- and video-based focus of attention predictors. We have evaluated the system using the data from three recorded meetings. The acoustic information has provided 8% error reduction on average compared to using a single modality.