Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: explorations in massively parallel microworlds
Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: explorations in massively parallel microworlds
Collective robotics: from social insects to robots
Adaptive Behavior
Creative evolutionary systems
From Natural to Artificial Swarm Intelligence
From Natural to Artificial Swarm Intelligence
Microsound
CEC '02 Proceedings of the Evolutionary Computation on 2002. CEC '02. Proceedings of the 2002 Congress - Volume 02
Proceedings of the 5th conference on Creativity & cognition
NN Music: Improvising with a `Living' Computer
Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval. Sense of Sounds
MAMA: An architecture for interactive musical agents
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on ECAI 2006: 17th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence August 29 -- September 1, 2006, Riva del Garda, Italy
AtomSwarm: a framework for swarm improvisation
Evo'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Applications of evolutionary computing
EC'05 Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
EvoCOMNET'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computation - Volume Part II
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Sonification of population behavior in particle swarm optimization
Proceedings of the 15th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
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Self-organisation, as manifest, for example, by swarms, flocks, herds and other collectives, is a powerful natural force, capable of generating large and sustained structures. Yet the individuals who participate in these social groups may not even be aware of the structures that they are creating. Almost certainly, these structures emerge through the application of simple, local interactions. Improvised music is an uncertain activity, characterised by a lack of top-down organisation and busy, local activity between improvisers. Emerging structures may only be perceivable at a (temporal) distance. The development of higher-level musical structure arises from interactions at lower levels, and we propose here that the self-organisation of social animals provides a very suggestive analogy. This paper builds a model of interactivity based on stigmergy, the process by which social insects communicate indirectly by environment modification. The improvisational element of our model arises from the dynamics of a particle swarm. A process called interpretation extracts musical parameters from the aural environment, and uses these parameters to place attractors in the environment of the swarm, after which stigmergy can take place. The particle positions are reinterpreted as parameterised audio events. This paper describes this model and two applications, Swarm Music and Swarm Granulator.