Querying across languages: a dictionary-based approach to multilingual information retrieval
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Phrasal translation and query expansion techniques for cross-language information retrieval
Proceedings of the 20th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Resolving ambiguity for cross-language retrieval
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
The impact of query structure and query expansion on retrieval performance
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Structured translation for cross-language information retrieval
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Improving cross language retrieval with triangulated translation
Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Cross-lingual relevance models
SIGIR '02 Proceedings of the 25th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
CLEF '00 Revised Papers from the Workshop of Cross-Language Evaluation Forum on Cross-Language Information Retrieval and Evaluation
Exeter at CLEF 2001: Experiments with Machine Translation for Bilingual Retrieval
CLEF '01 Revised Papers from the Second Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum on Evaluation of Cross-Language Information Retrieval Systems
Dictionary Methods for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval
DEXA '96 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Applying query structuring in cross-language retrieval
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Triangulation without translation
Proceedings of the 27th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Translation techniques in cross-language information retrieval
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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The paper reports on experiments carried out in transitive translation, a branch of cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). By transitive translation we mean translation of search queries into the language of the document collection through an intermediate (or pivot) language. In our experiments, queries constructed from CLEF 2000 and 2001 Swedish, Finnish and German topics were translated into English through Finnish and Swedish by an automated translation process using morphological analyzers, stopword lists, electronic dictionaries, n-gramming of untranslatable words, and structured and unstructured queries. The results of the transitive runs were compared to the results of the bilingual runs, i.e. runs translating the same queries directly into English. The transitive runs using structured target queries performed well. The differences ranged from -6.6% to +2.9% units (or -25.5% to +7.8%) between the approaches. Thus transitive translation challenges direct translation and considerably simplifies global CLIR efforts.