Power optimization of variable voltage core-based systems
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
LEneS: task scheduling for low-energy systems using variable supply voltage processors
Proceedings of the 2001 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Hard real-time scheduling for low-energy using stochastic data and DVS processors
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Variable voltage task scheduling algorithms for minimizing energy
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Interval-Based Analysis of Software Processes
OM '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Optimization of middleware and distributed systems
A realistic variable voltage scheduling model for real-time applications
Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
An Integrated Approach for Applying Dynamic Voltage Scaling to Hard Real-Time Systems
RTAS '03 Proceedings of the The 9th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
Practical Voltage-Scaling for Fixed-Priority RT-Systems
RTAS '03 Proceedings of the The 9th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
Visual assessment of a real-time system design: a case study on a CNC controller
RTSS '96 Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Dynamic voltage scaling algorithm for fixed-priority real-time systems using work-demand analysis
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Scheduling for reduced CPU energy
OSDI '94 Proceedings of the 1st USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Integrated circuits and systems design
Energy efficient multiprocessor task scheduling under input-dependent variation
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Dynamic Cache Reconfiguration for Soft Real-Time Systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
International Journal of Adaptive, Resilient and Autonomic Systems
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A novel energy reduction strategy to maximally exploit the dynamic workload variation is proposed for the offline voltage scheduling of preemptive systems. The idea is to construct a fully-preemptive schedule that leads to minimum energy consumption when the tasks take on approximately the average execution cycles yet still guarantees no deadline violation during the worst-case scenario. End-time for each sub-instance of the tasks obtained from the schedule is used for the on-line dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) of the tasks. For the tasks that normally require a small number of cycles but occasionally a large number of cycles to complete, such a schedule provides more opportunities for slack utilization and hence results in larger energy saving. The concept is realized by formulating the problem as a Non-Linear Programming (NLP) optimization problem. Experimental results show that, by using the proposed scheme, the total energy consumption at runtime is reduced by as high as 60% for randomly generated task sets when comparing with the static scheduling approach only using worst case workload.