Scheduling periodic and aperiodic tasks using the slack stealing algorithm
Advances in real-time systems
Power optimization of variable voltage core-based systems
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Dynamic voltage scaling and power management for portable systems
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Critical power slope: understanding the runtime effects of frequency scaling
ICS '02 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Supercomputing
Analysis of Hierar hical Fixed-Priority Scheduling
ECRTS '02 Proceedings of the 14th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
A scheduling model for reduced CPU energy
FOCS '95 Proceedings of the 36th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Dynamic and Aggressive Scheduling Techniques for Power-Aware Real-Time Systems
RTSS '01 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Resource Sharing in Reservation-Based Systems
RTSS '01 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Power-Aware Scheduling for Periodic Real-Time Tasks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Preemption-aware dynamic voltage scaling in hard real-time systems
Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Using resource reservation techniques for power-aware scheduling
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Practical PACE for embedded systems
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Real-Time Systems
Exploiting Dynamic Workload Variation in Low Energy Preemptive Task Scheduling
Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
Energy-efficient policies for embedded clusters
LCTES '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Procrastination for leakage-aware rate-monotonic scheduling on a dynamic voltage scaling processor
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Language, compilers, and tool support for embedded systems
Incremental schedulability analysis of hierarchical real-time components
EMSOFT '06 Proceedings of the 6th ACM & IEEE International conference on Embedded software
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Transition-overhead-aware voltage scheduling for fixed-priority real-time systems
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Energy optimal speed control of a producer--consumer device pair
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) - Special Section LCTES'05
A unified practical approach to stochastic DVS scheduling
EMSOFT '07 Proceedings of the 7th ACM & IEEE international conference on Embedded software
Minimizing expected energy consumption in real-time systems through dynamic voltage scaling
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
A design framework for real-time embedded systems with code size and energy constraints
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Reactive speed control in temperature-constrained real-time systems
Real-Time Systems
Energy-Efficient Fixed-Priority Scheduling for Periodic Real-Time Tasks with Multi-priority Subtasks
ICESS '07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded Software and Systems
Leakage-Aware Energy Efficient Scheduling for Fixed-Priority Tasks with Preemption Thresholds
ADMA '08 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications
EMSOFT '08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Power saving and fault-tolerance in real-time critical embedded systems
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Adaptive Fair Resource Allocation for Energy and QoS Trade-Off Management
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
Minimizing CPU energy in real-time systems with discrete speed management
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
Enhanced reliability-aware power management through shared recovery technique
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Minimizing expected energy consumption through optimal integration of DVS and DPM
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
EUC'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Embedded and ubiquitous computing
Transition-aware DVS algorithm for real-time systems using tree structure analysis
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Parametric timing analysis and its application to dynamic voltage scaling
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Reliability-aware dynamic energy management in dependable embedded real-time systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
A Metric for Quantifying Similarity between Timing Constraint Sets in Real-Time Systems
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Resource allocation contracts for open analytic runtime models
EMSOFT '11 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Embedded software
Power efficient rate monotonic scheduling for multi-core systems
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
An efficient frequency scaling approach for energy-aware embedded real-time systems
ARCS'05 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Architecture of Computing Systems conference on Systems Aspects in Organic and Pervasive Computing
High performance dynamic voltage/frequency scaling algorithm for real-time dynamic load management
Journal of Systems and Software
Quasi-static fault-tolerant scheduling schemes for energy-efficient hard real-time systems
Journal of Systems and Software
| Hi-index | 0.01 |
In CMOS circuits, power consumption is proportional tothe product of the frequency and the square of the supplyvoltage. Hence, any reductions in the operating frequencyof the processor and its supply voltage can lead to significantsavings in energy consumption (and heat dissipation)but cause longer execution times. The application of dynamicvoltage scaling (DVS) techniques to real-time systemsmust therefore attempt to minimize energy while guaranteeingthe schedulability of the real-time tasks. In thispaper, we study the effect of limited number of operating frequencieson the performance of voltage-scaling algorithms.The optimal frequency grid which minimizes the effect ofdiscrete operating frequencies is also derived. We then proposefour alternative voltage-scaling schemes, Sys-Clock,PM-Clock, Opt-Clock and DPM-Clock. Each scheme issuitable for different hardware configuration which mayhave high or low voltage-scaling overhead and differenttaskset characteristics. We have implemented our voltage-scalingschemes on CMU's real-time OS, Linux/RK, on the3700 series Compaq iPAQ and a 733MHz XScale BRHboard modified to support voltage-scaling.