I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Design and Evaluation of Menu Systems for Immersive Virtual Environments
VR '01 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR'01)
Virtual Environment Interaction Techniques
Virtual Environment Interaction Techniques
3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice
3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice
A comparison of different input devices for a 3D environment
Proceedings of the 14th European conference on Cognitive ergonomics: invent! explore!
Augmented Interactions: A Framework for Adding Expressive Power to GUI Widgets
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part I
Efficient selection of multiple objects on a large scale
Proceedings of the 18th ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
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The most common technique for resizing 3D objects in virtual environments is the use of 3D widgets. However, such techniques often exhibit usability problems due to difficulties in selecting and manipulating the widgets. We have developed two novel interaction techniques for resizing objects in immersive VEs. Our two techniques, the Pointer Orientation-based Resize Technique (PORT) and the Gaze-Hand resize technique, take advantage of the user's proprioceptive sense and their spatial knowledge of the environment. We designed these techniques as an alternative to 3D widgets and performed a usability study to compare the effectiveness of all three techniques. Our results show that participants were able to perform tasks significantly faster with the two new techniques than with the existing 3D Widgets technique.