What video can and can't do for collaboration: a case study
MULTIMEDIA '93 Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Multimedia
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Performative facial expressions in animated faces
Embodied conversational agents
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Non-Photorealistic Rendering
Making Discours Visible: Coding and Animating Conversational Facial Displays
CA '02 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
How Believable Are Real Faces? Towards a Perceptual Basis for Conversational Animation
CASA '03 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2003)
The role of image size in the recognition of conversational facial expressions: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - Special Issue: The Very Best Papers from CASA 2004
Conversational awareness in multiparty VMC
CHI EA '97 CHI '97 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The evaluation of stylized facial expressions
APGV '06 Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Psychophysical investigation of facial expressions using computer animated faces
Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Evaluation of real-world and computer-generated stylized facial expressions
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
The interaction between motion and form in expression recognition
Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Towards a comprehensive 3D dynamic facial expression database
SSIP '09/MIV'09 Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS international conference on signal, speech and image processing, and 9th WSEAS international conference on Multimedia, internet & video technologies
ACSC '11 Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Australasian Computer Science Conference - Volume 113
High fidelity facial animation capture and retargeting with contours
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
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Communication plays a central role in everday life. During an average conversation, information is exchanged in a variety of ways, including through facial motion. Here, we employ a custom, model-based image manipulation technique to selectively “freez ” portions of a face in video recordings in order to determine the areas that are sufficient for proper recognition of nine conversational expressions. The results show that most expressions rely primarily on a single facial area to convey meaning with different expressions using different areas. The results also show that the combination of rigid head, eye, eyebrow, and mouth motions is sufficient to produce expressions that are as easy to recognize as the original, unmanipulated recordings. Finally, the results show that the manipulation technique introduced few perceptible artifacts into the altered video sequences. This fusion of psychophysics and computer graphics techniques provides not only fundamental insights into human perception and cognition, but also yields the basis for a systematic description of what needs to move in order to produce realistic, recognizable conversational facial animations.