VRPN: a device-independent, network-transparent VR peripheral system
VRST '01 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Virtual temporal bone dissection: a case study
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '01
Haptic Volume Interaction with Anatomic Models at Sub-Voxel Resolution
HAPTICS '02 Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Real-Time Haptic and Visual Simulation of Bone Dissection
VR '02 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2002
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The CRS4 experimental bone-burr simulator implements visual and haptic effects through the incorporation of a physics-based contact model and patient-specific data. Psychophysical tests demonstrate that, despite its simplified model and its inherent technological constraints, the simulator can articulate material differences, and that its users can learn to associate virtual bone with real bone material. Tests addressed both surface probing and interior drilling task. We also explore a haptic contrast sensitivity function based on the model's two main parameters: an elastic constant and an erosion factor. Both parameters manifest power-law-like sensitivity with respective exponents of around two and three. Further tests may reveal how well simulator users perceive fine differences in bone material, like those encountered while drilling through real volume boundaries.