SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Bidirectional reflection functions from surface bump maps
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
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EGWR'99 Proceedings of the 10th Eurographics conference on Rendering
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Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
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Spherical harmonic (SH) basis functions have been widely used for representing spherical functions in modeling various illumination properties. They can compactly represent low-frequency spherical functions. However, when the unconstrained least square method is used for estimating the SH coefficients of a hemispherical function, the magnitude of these SH coefficients could be very large. Hence, the rendering result is very sensitive to quantization noise (introduced by modern texture compression like S3TC, IEEE half float data type on GPU, or other lossy compression methods) in these SH coefficients. Our experiments show that, as the precision of SH coefficients is reduced, the rendered images may exhibit annoying visual artifacts. To reduce the noise sensitivity of the SH coefficients, this paper first discusses how the magnitude of SH coefficients affects the rendering result when there is quantization noise. Then, two fast fitting methods for estimating the noise-resistant SH coefficients are proposed. They can effectively control the magnitude of the estimated SH coefficients and, hence, suppress the rendering artifacts. Both statistical and visual results confirm our theory.