Computer-simulated plant evolution
Scientific American
The algorithmic beauty of plants
The algorithmic beauty of plants
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
Computability, complexity, and languages (2nd ed.): fundamentals of theoretical computer science
Computability, complexity, and languages (2nd ed.): fundamentals of theoretical computer science
Genetic programming II: automatic discovery of reusable programs
Genetic programming II: automatic discovery of reusable programs
Protean behavior in dynamic games: arguments for the co-evolution of pursuit-evasion tactics
SAB94 Proceedings of the third international conference on Simulation of adaptive behavior : from animals to animats 3: from animals to animats 3
An efficient estimation of light in simulation of plant development
Proceedings of the Eurographics workshop on Computer animation and simulation '96
Realistic modeling and rendering of plant ecosystems
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Competitive co-evolutionary robotics: from theory to practice
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on simulation of adaptive behavior on From animals to animats 5
Illustrating evolutionary computation with Mathematica
Illustrating evolutionary computation with Mathematica
OpenGL Programming Guide: The Official Guide to Learning OpenGL, Version 1.2
OpenGL Programming Guide: The Official Guide to Learning OpenGL, Version 1.2
Tracking the Red Queen: Measurements of Adaptive Progress in Co-Evolutionary Simulations
Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Advances in Artificial Life
On Genetic Algorithms and Lindenmayer Systems
PPSN V Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
PPSN III Proceedings of the International Conference on Evolutionary Computation. The Third Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
PPSN IV Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
Coevolution Produces an Arms Race among Virtual Plants
EuroGP '02 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming
Evolving evolution programs: genetic programming and L-systems
GECCO '96 Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
A game-theoretic memory mechanism for coevolution
GECCO'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartI
The Coevolution of Robot Behavior and Central Action Selection
IWINAC '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international work-conference on Nature Inspired Problem-Solving Methods in Knowledge Engineering: Interplay Between Natural and Artificial Computation, Part II
Research frontier: the evolution of swarm grammars-growing trees, crafting art, and bottom-up design
IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine
Emergent diversity in an open-ended evolving virtual community
Artificial Life
Mathematical methods to quantify and characterise the primary elements of trophic systems
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
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According to the Red Queen hypothesis a population of individuals may be improving some trait even though fitness remains constant. We have tested this hypothesis using a population of virtual plants. The plants have to compete with each other for virtual sunlight. Plants are modeled using Lindenmayer systems and rendered with OpenGL. Reproductive success of a plant depends on the amount of virtual light received as well as on the structural complexity of the plant. We experiment with two different modes of evaluation. In one experiment, plants are evaluated in isolation, while in other experiments plants are evaluated using coevolution. When using coevolution plants have to compete with each other for sunlight inside the same environment. Coevolution produces much thinner and taller plants in comparison to bush-like plants which are obtained when plants are evaluated in isolation. The presence of other individuals leads to an evolutionary arms race. Because plants are evaluated inside the same environment, the leaves of one plant may be shadowed by other plants. In an attempt to gain more sunlight, plants grow higher and higher. The Red Queen effect was observed when individuals of a single population were coevolving.