Unit disk graph recognition is NP-hard
Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications - Special issue on geometric representations of graphs
Self-organizing maps for drawing large graphs
Information Processing Letters
Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Wireless sensor networks: a survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Self-Organizing Graphs - A Neural Network Perspective of Graph Layout
GD '98 Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Graph Drawing
Localization from mere connectivity
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Geometric ad-hoc routing: of theory and practice
Proceedings of the twenty-second annual symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Geographic routing without location information
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Distributed localization in wireless sensor networks: a quantitative comparison
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue: Wireless sensor networks
Virtual coordinates for ad hoc and sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2004 joint workshop on Foundations of mobile computing
Proceedings of the 2004 joint workshop on Foundations of mobile computing
ExScal: Elements of an Extreme Scale Wireless Sensor Network
RTCSA '05 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
Theoretical aspects of connectivity-based multi-hop positioning
Theoretical Computer Science - Algorithmic aspects of wireless sensor networks
TinyOS: An Open Operating System for Wireless Sensor Networks (Invited Seminar)
MDM '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mobile Data Management
Telos: enabling ultra-low power wireless research
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Organizing a global coordinate system from local information on an ad hoc sensor network
IPSN'03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
A Wireless Sensor Network for Real-Time Indoor Localisation and Motion Monitoring
IPSN '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Localization using signal strength: to range or not to range?
Proceedings of the first ACM international workshop on Mobile entity localization and tracking in GPS-less environments
Optimal RSS threshold selection in connectivity-based localization schemes
Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Distributed Range-Free Localization Algorithm Based on Self-Organizing Maps
WASA '09 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications
Distributed range-free localization algorithm based on self-organizing maps
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on wireless network algorithms, systems, and applications
Managing cohort movement of mobile sensors via GPS-free and compass-free node localization
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Deterministic greedy routing with guaranteed delivery in 3D wireless sensor networks
MobiHoc '11 Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing
GPS-free directional localization via dual wireless radios
Computer Communications
Understanding the limits of RF-based collaborative localization
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Fine-grained in-door localisation with wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM international symposium on Mobility management and wireless access
Refining hop-count for localisation in wireless sensor networks
International Journal of Sensor Networks
Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Cut-and-sew: a distributed autonomous localization algorithm for 3D surface wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
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Localization is an essential service for many wireless sensor network applications. While several localization schemes rely on anchor nodes and range measurements to achieve fine-grained positioning, we propose a range-free, anchor-free solution that works using connectivity information only. The approach, suitable for deployments with strict cost constraints, is based on the neural network paradigm of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). We present a lightweight SOM-based algorithm to compute virtual coordinates that are effective for location-aided routing. This algorithm can also exploit the location information, if available, of few anchor nodes to compute absolute positions. Results of extensive simulations show improvements over the popular Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) scheme, especially for networks with low connectivity, which are intrinsically harder to localize, and in presence of irregular radio pattern or anisotropic deployment. We analytically demonstrate that the proposed scheme has low computation and communication overheads; hence, making it suitable for resource-constrained networks.