Convex separable optimization is not much harder than linear optimization
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Can recursive bisection alone produce routable placements?
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Design Automation Conference
Dynamic Vt SRAM: a leakage tolerant cache memory for low voltage microprocessors
Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
A forward body-biased low-leakage SRAM cache: device and architecture considerations
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Microelectronic Circuits Revised Edition
Microelectronic Circuits Revised Edition
Physically clustered forward body biasing for variability compensation in nanometer CMOS design
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Row-based FBB: A design-time optimization for post-silicon tunable circuits
Microelectronics Journal
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Leakage power minimization has become an important issue with technology scaling. Variable threshold voltage schemes have become popular for standby power reduction. In this work we look at another emerging aspect of this potent problem which is leakage power reduction in active mode of operation. In gate level circuits, a large number of gates are not switching in active mode at any given point in time but nevertheless are consuming leakage power. We propose a fine-grained forward body biasing (FBB) scheme for active mode leakage power reduction in gate level circuits without any delay penalty. Our results show that our optimal polynomial time FBB allocation algorithm results in 70.2% reduction in leakage currents. We also present an exact standard-cell placement driven FBB allocation algorithm that effectively reduces the area penalty using the post-placement area slack and results in 56.5%, 62.8% and 66.1% reduction in leakage currents for 0%, 4% and 8% area slack, respectively. Furthermore, we present a heuristic to solve the standard-cell placement driven FBB allocation problem that is computationally efficient and results in leakage within 2% of that from the exact formulation.