Introduction to algorithms
MediaBench: a tool for evaluating and synthesizing multimedia and communicatons systems
MICRO 30 Proceedings of the 30th annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
Dynamic storage allocation in the Atlas computer, including an automatic use of a backing store
Communications of the ACM
Reducing energy consumption by dynamic copying of instructions onto onchip memory
Proceedings of the 15th international symposium on System Synthesis
An optimal memory allocation scheme for scratch-pad-based embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Assigning Program and Data Objects to Scratchpad for Energy Reduction
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Compiler-decided dynamic memory allocation for scratch-pad based embedded systems
Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
Polynomial-time algorithm for on-chip scratchpad memory partitioning
Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
Dynamic overlay of scratchpad memory for energy minimization
Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
A post-compiler approach to scratchpad mapping of code
Proceedings of the 2004 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Compiler-optimized usage of partitioned memories
WMPI '04 Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on Memory performance issues: in conjunction with the 31st international symposium on computer architecture
Compilation techniques for energy reduction in horizontally partitioned cache architectures
Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded systems
Memory allocation for embedded systems with a compile-time-unknown scratch-pad size
Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded systems
Data partitioning for maximal scratchpad usage
ASP-DAC '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
MiBench: A free, commercially representative embedded benchmark suite
WWC '01 Proceedings of the Workload Characterization, 2001. WWC-4. 2001 IEEE International Workshop
A dynamic code placement technique for scratchpad memory using postpass optimization
CASES '06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
Scratchpad memory management for portable systems with a memory management unit
EMSOFT '06 Proceedings of the 6th ACM & IEEE International conference on Embedded software
Heap data allocation to scratch-pad memory in embedded systems
Journal of Embedded Computing - Cache exploitation in embedded systems
Dynamic scratchpad memory management for code in portable systems with an MMU
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Scratchpad memory management in a multitasking environment
EMSOFT '08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Embedded software
A software solution for dynamic stack management on scratch pad memory
Proceedings of the 2009 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Dynamic code footprint optimization for the IBM Cell Broadband Engine
IWMSE '09 Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Multicore Software Engineering
Acceleration of the L4/Fiasco microkernel using scratchpad memory
Proceedings of the First Workshop on Virtualization in Mobile Computing
A software-only solution to use scratch pads for stack data
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Energy-oriented dynamic SPM allocation based on time-slotted cache conflict graph
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems
Cache-tuning-aware scratchpad allocation from binaries
Proceedings of the 24th symposium on Integrated circuits and systems design
A semi-automatic scratchpad memory management framework for CMP
APPT'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Advanced parallel processing technologies
Architecture extensions for efficient management of scratch-pad memory
PATMOS'11 Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Integrated circuit and system design: power and timing modeling, optimization, and simulation
Proceedings of the 9th conference on Computing Frontiers
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
In this paper, we propose a dynamic scratchpad memory (SPM)management technique for a horizontally-partitioned memory subsystem with an MMU. The memory subsystem consists of a relatively cheap direct-mapped data cache and SPM. Our technique loads required global data and stack pages into the SPM on demand when a function is called. A scratchpad memory managerloads/unloads the data pages and maintains a page table for the MMU. Our approach is based on post-pass analysis and optimization techniques, and it handles the whole program including libraries. The data page mapping is determined by solving an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation that approximates our demand paging technique. The ILP model uses a dynamic call graph annotated with the number of memory accesses and/or cache misses obtained by profiling. We evaluate our technique on thirteen embedded applications. We compare the results to a reference system with a 4-way set associative data cache and the ideal case with the same 4-way cache and SPM, where all global and stack data is placed in the SPM. On average, our approach reduces the total system energy consumption by 8.1% with no performance degradation. This is equivalent to exploiting 60% of the room available in energy reduction between the reference case and the ideal case.