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ARM Architecture Reference Manual
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Legacy SystemC Co-Simulation of Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chip
ICCD '02 Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors (ICCD'02)
Dynamic Programming
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Data partitioning for maximal scratchpad usage
ASP-DAC '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
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IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Memory allocation for embedded systems with a compile-time-unknown scratch-pad size
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CASES '06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
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DRIM: a low power dynamically reconfigurable instruction memory hierarchy for embedded systems
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ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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EMSOFT '08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Memory allocation for embedded systems with a compile-time-unknown scratch-pad size
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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IWMSE '09 Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Multicore Software Engineering
PDCN '08 Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Networks
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ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
SDRM: simultaneous determination of regions and function-to-region mapping for scratchpad memories
HiPC'08 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on High performance computing
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ScratchPad Memories (SPMs) are commonly used in embedded systems because they are more energy-efficient than caches and enable tighter application control on the memory hierarchy. Optimally mapping code and data to SPMs is, however, still a challenge. This paper proposes an optimal scratchpad mapping approach for code segments, which has the distinctive characteristic of working directly on application binaries, thus requiring no access to either the compiler or the application source code - a clear advantage for legacy or proprietary, IP-protected applications.The mapping problem is solved by means of a Dynamic Programming algorithm applied to the execution traces of the target application. The algorithm is able to find the optimal set of instructions blocks to be moved into a dedicated SPM, either minimizing energy consumption or execution times. A patching tool, which can use the output of the optimal mapper, modifies the binary of the application and moves the relevant portions of its code segments to memory locations inside of the SPM.