Localization in virtual acoustic displays
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Techniques for low cost spatial audio
UIST '92 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A Virtual Cockpit for a Distributed Interactive Simulation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
3-D sound for virtual reality and multimedia
3-D sound for virtual reality and multimedia
On the externalization of auditory images
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Virtual Auditory Space: Generation and Applications
Virtual Auditory Space: Generation and Applications
Training the Hubble Space Telescope Flight Team
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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Since Head Mounted Displays (HMD), datagloves, tracking systems, and powerful computer graphics resources are nowadays in an affordable price range, the usage of PC-based "Virtual Training Systems” becomes very attractive. However, due to the limited field of view of HMD devices, additional modalities have to be provided to benefit from 3D environments. A 3D sound simulation can improve the capabilities of VR systems dramatically. Unfortunately, realistic 3D sound simulations are expensive and demand a tremendous amount of computational power to calculate reverberation, occlusion, and obstruction effects. To use 3D sound in a PC-based training system as a way to direct and guide trainees to observe specific events in 3D space, a cheaper alternative has to be provided, so that a broader range of applications can take advantage of this modality. To address this issue, we focus in this paper on the evaluation of a low-cost 3D sound simulation that is capable of providing traceable 3D sound events. We describe our experimental system setup using conventional stereo headsets in combination with a tracked HMD device and present our results with regard to precision, speed, and used signal types for localizing simulated sound events in a virtual training environment.