Shade: a fast instruction-set simulator for execution profiling
SIGMETRICS '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Cache design trade-offs for power and performance optimization: a case study
ISLPED '95 Proceedings of the 1995 international symposium on Low power design
Garbage collection: algorithms for automatic dynamic memory management
Garbage collection: algorithms for automatic dynamic memory management
Exact evaluation of memory size for multi-dimensional signal processing systems
ICCAD '93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Analytical energy dissipation models for low-power caches
ISLPED '97 Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Low power design in deep submicron electronics
Power considerations in the design of the Alpha 21264 microprocessor
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Support for garbage collection at every instruction in a Java compiler
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1999 conference on Programming language design and implementation
ISLPED '99 Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Energy-driven integrated hardware-software optimizations using SimplePower
Proceedings of the 27th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
A framework for interprocedural optimization in the presence of dynamic class loading
PLDI '00 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2000 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Custom Memory Management Methodology: Exploration of Memory Organisation for Embedded Multimedia System Design
IEEE Micro
Efficient JavaVM Just-in-Time Compilation
PACT '98 Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques
Java programming for high-performance numerical computing
IBM Systems Journal
Tuning garbage collection for reducing memory system energy in an embedded java environment
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Adaptive Garbage Collection for Battery-Operated Environments
Proceedings of the 2nd Java Virtual Machine Research and Technology Symposium
Energy savings through compression in embedded Java environments
Proceedings of the tenth international symposium on Hardware/software codesign
Heap compression for memory-constrained Java environments
OOPSLA '03 Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programing, systems, languages, and applications
Profile-driven code unloading for resource-constrained JVMs
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Principles and practice of programming in Java
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
The XTREM power and performance simulator for the Intel XScale core: Design and experiences
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Impact of JVM superoperators on energy consumption in resource-constrained embedded systems
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGPLAN-SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Does lean imply green?: a study of the power performance implications of Java runtime bloat
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGMETRICS/PERFORMANCE joint international conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems
Calculating source line level energy information for Android applications
Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
Estimating mobile application energy consumption using program analysis
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering
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With the anticipated dramatic growth of computing devices for mobile and embedded environments, energy conscious hardware and software design has taken center-stage together with performance. At the same time, there is an increasing need to provide a portable and seamless software environment for application development and interoperability. This paper takes an important step in the confluence of these two emerging trends, by examining the energy behavior of the memory system in the execution of Java applications. It is crucial to understand and optimize the energy behavior of the memory system since instructions referencing memory can contribute to a large fraction of the energy consumption when executing Java applications. Using an off-the-shelf JVM, a validated memory energy model, and a detailed simulator, this paper presents a characterization of the energy consumption by the cache and main memory when executing the SPEC JVM98 benchmarks in the JIT and interpreter modes. The energy consumption is profiled for the different hard-ware components (instruction cache, data cache, memory) and software components (class loading, garbage collection, dynamic compilation). The results from such a characterization are useful to the hardware designer for cache organizations and architectural enhancements for reducing energy consumption. They are also useful to the application and runtime system designer to identify energy bottlenecks, and for code restructuring or algorithm redesign to alleviate these bottlenecks.