Project GROPEHaptic displays for scientific visualization
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Touching and hearing GUI's: design issues for the PC-Access system
Assets '96 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Adding force feedback to graphics systems: issues and solutions
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computational haptics: the sandpaper system for synthesizing texture for a force-feedback display
Computational haptics: the sandpaper system for synthesizing texture for a force-feedback display
Pearls found on the way to the ideal interface for scanned-probe microscopes
VIS '97 Proceedings of the 8th conference on Visualization '97
Haptic virtual reality for blind computer users
Assets '98 Proceedings of the third international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Readings in information visualization: using vision to think
Readings in information visualization: using vision to think
Putting the feel in ’look and feel‘
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Constructing sonified haptic line graphs for the blind student: first steps
Assets '00 Proceedings of the fourth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Shock and vortex visualization using a combined visual/Haptic interface
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
Modeling the multi-sensory design space
APVis '01 Proceedings of the 2001 Asia-Pacific symposium on Information visualisation - Volume 9
Real-Time Elastic Deformations of Soft Tissues for Surgery Simulation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Multimodal virtual reality versus printed medium in visualization for blind people
Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Application-based Evaluation of Haptic Interfaces
HAPTICS '02 Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Proceedings of the Second PHANToM User''s Group Workshop
Proceedings of the Second PHANToM User''s Group Workshop
Learning and perceiving colors haptically
Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Blind hero: enabling guitar hero for the visually impaired
Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Haptic numbers: three haptic representation models for numbers on a touch screen phone
International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction
Evaluation of Haptic HTML Mappings Derived from a Novel Methodology
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
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Applications for blind users often involve the mapping of information such as size (magnitude) from one sensory domain (vision) onto another (sound or touch). For example, visual perception of length can be estimated directly by touch, or encoded to pitch or even vibration. Applications for blind users will benefit from fundamental research into human perception of computer-generated substitutions for vision. In this paper we present the results of a haptics-only experiment with the PHANToM that measures human performance (time and accuracy) judging relative magnitude with computer generated haptic properties. Magnitude was represented by either physical length (displacement), or vibration varied by frequency or amplitude. Eleven blind and eleven blindfolded sighted individuals participated. Displacement tasks were 50% slower than vibration conditions for all participants. Accuracy for displacement and vibration varied by amplitude was equivalent. Vibration varied by frequency was significantly less accurate, although we are cautious about the reliability of those results. Blind participants took 50% longer with equivalent accuracy to sighted participants. Sightedness had no effect on performance regarding the type of display. No other interaction effects were found. These results suggest that vibration varied by amplitude provides a faster and equally accurate display of magnitude compared with the traditional displacement approach. Secondly, the same coding benefits equally well visually disabled and sighted individuals.