Designing for usability: key principles and what designers think
Communications of the ACM
Where the action is: the foundations of embodied interaction
Where the action is: the foundations of embodied interaction
Technology probes: inspiring design for and with families
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Human values, ethics, and design
The human-computer interaction handbook
Technology as Experience
Proceedings of the 4th decennial conference on Critical computing: between sense and sensibility
When second wave HCI meets third wave challenges
Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: changing roles
Make Evaluation Poverty History
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Taking stock of user interface history
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
Getting there: six meta-principles and interaction design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Barry is not the weakest link: eliciting secure system requirements with personas
BCS '10 Proceedings of the 24th BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference
Digital art: evaluation, appreciation, critique (invited SIG)
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
UCD: critique via parody and a sequel
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Digital art: challenging perspectives
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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The foundations of much HCI research and practice were elaborated over 20 years ago as three key principles by Gould and Lewis [7]: early focus on users and tasks; empirical measurement; and iterative design. Close reading of this seminal paper and subsequent versions indicates that these principles evolved, and that success in establishing them within software development involved a heady mix of power and destiny. As HCI's fourth decade approaches, we re-examine the origins and status of Gould and Lewis' principles, and argue that is time to move on, not least because the role of the principles in reported case studies is unconvincing. Few, if any, examples of successful application of the first or second principles are offered, and examples of the third tell us little about the nature of successful iteration. More credible, better grounded and more appropriate principles are needed. We need not so much to start again, but to start for the first time, and argue from first principles for apt principles for designing.