Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Hard real-time scheduling for low-energy using stochastic data and DVS processors
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Optimal voltage allocation techniques for dynamically variable voltage processors
Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference
Uncertainty-based scheduling: energy-efficient ordering for tasks with variable execution time
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Dynamic and Aggressive Scheduling Techniques for Power-Aware Real-Time Systems
RTSS '01 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Energy-efficient soft real-time CPU scheduling for mobile multimedia systems
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
PACE: A New Approach to Dynamic Voltage Scaling
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Optimal procrastinating voltage scheduling for hard real-time systems
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
Minimizing expected energy in real-time embedded systems
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Dynamic voltage scaling for multitasking real-time systems with uncertain execution time
GLSVLSI '06 Proceedings of the 16th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI
Procrastinating voltage scheduling with discrete frequency sets
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe: Proceedings
Energy-Efficient Scheduling for Real-Time Systems on Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) Platforms
RTCSA '07 Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
Expected system energy consumption minimization in leakage-aware DVS systems
Proceedings of the 13th international symposium on Low power electronics and design
CCGRID '10 Proceedings of the 2010 10th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing
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Energy-efficiency has been an important system issue in hardware and software designs to extend operation duration or out power bils. This research explores systems with probabilistic distribution on the execution time of real-time tasks for systems with discrete frequencies. Most previous studies consider DVS systems with continuous frequencies for the minimization of expected energy consumption under timing constraints. However, these approaches cannot guarantee the minimization of expected energy consumption when only discrete frequencies are available. This paper presents new approaches to minimize the expected energy consumption. By applying intra-task frequency scheduling, we develop an efficient algorithm to derive optimal frequency scheduling for a single task. The algorithm is then extended to cope with periodic real-time tasks with different power characteristics. With inter-task and intra-task frequency scheduling, we present a linear-programming approach to derive optimal solutions for frame-based real-time tasks and an on-line algorithm for periodic real-time tasks. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively reduce the expected energy consumption.