Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Improving dynamic voltage scaling algorithms with PACE
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Hard real-time scheduling for low-energy using stochastic data and DVS processors
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications
Energy-efficient soft real-time CPU scheduling for mobile multimedia systems
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Practical PACE for embedded systems
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Optimal procrastinating voltage scheduling for hard real-time systems
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
Minimizing expected energy in real-time embedded systems
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Energy-aware scheduling for real-time multiprocessor systems with uncertain task execution time
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
Expected energy consumption minimization in DVS systems with discrete frequencies
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Expected system energy consumption minimization in leakage-aware DVS systems
Proceedings of the 13th international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Energy-efficiency for multiframe real-time tasks on a dynamic voltage scaling processor
CODES+ISSS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Run-time adaptive workload estimation for dynamic voltage scaling
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Energy-Saving DVFS Scheduling of Multiple Periodic Real-Time Tasks on Multi-core Processors
DS-RT '09 Proceedings of the 2009 13th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications
An analytical dynamic scaling of supply voltage and body bias exploiting memory stall time variation
Proceedings of the 2010 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Some observations on optimal frequency selection in DVFS-based energy consumption minimization
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
T-Alloc: A practical energy efficient resource allocation algorithm for traditional data centers
Future Generation Computer Systems
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Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for real-time systems has been extensively studied to save energy. Previous studies consider the probabilistic distributions of tasks' execution time to assist DVS in task scheduling. These studies use probability information for intra-task frequency scheduling but do not sufficiently explore the opportunities for inter-task scheduling to save more energy. This paper presents a new approach to integrate intra-task and inter-task frequency scheduling for better energy savings in hard real-time systems with uncertain task execution time. Our approach has two steps: (a) We calculate statistically optimal frequency schedules for multiple periodic tasks using earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduling for processors that can change frequencies continuously. (b) For processors with a limited range of discrete frequencies, we further present a heuristic algorithm to construct frequency schedules. Our evaluation shows that our approach saves up to 23% more energy than existing solutions.