The algorithmic beauty of plants
The algorithmic beauty of plants
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
On Genetic Algorithms and Lindenmayer Systems
PPSN V Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
PPSN III Proceedings of the International Conference on Evolutionary Computation. The Third Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
PPSN IV Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
Neutrality and the Evolvability of Boolean Function Landscape
EuroGP '01 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Genetic Programming
Coevolution Produces an Arms Race among Virtual Plants
EuroGP '02 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming
Plants, fractals, and formal languages
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A Taxonomy for artificial embryogeny
Artificial Life
Redundant representations in evolutionary computation
Evolutionary Computation
Evolving evolution programs: genetic programming and L-systems
GECCO '96 Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Demonstrating the evolution of complex genetic representations: an evolution of artificial plants
GECCO'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartI
Life history evolution of virtual plants: trading off between growth and reproduction
PPSN'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
Evolving l-systems to capture protein structure native conformations
EuroGP'05 Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming
Competition and evolution in virtual plant communities: a new modeling approach
Natural Computing: an international journal
Emergent diversity in an open-ended evolving virtual community
Artificial Life
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This paper investigates L-system evolution through experiments with a simulation platform of virtual plants. The conducted simulations vary the occurrence probability of terminal versus non-terminal symbols and study its impact on the evolutionary performance of the system. The results reveal a variant of the exploration-exploitation dilemma. A closer look at individual runs allows to discover a range of emergent evolutionary dynamics. In particular, the activation and improvement of previously dormant production rules leads to variation in the fixation rate of mutations. The corresponding fitness leaps suggest that L-system evolution derives much of its creative power from the mobilization of randomly drifting non-addressed rules. The observed patterns are related to the phenomena of positive and negative selection, neutral mutations and junk DNA in the natural genome.