Computer-simulated plant evolution
Scientific American
The algorithmic beauty of plants
The algorithmic beauty of plants
The concept and design of a virtual laboratory
Proceedings on Graphics interface '90
Lindenmayer systems, fractals and plants
Lindenmayer systems, fractals and plants
Artificial evolution for computer graphics
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Visual models of plants interacting with their environment
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visual models of plant development
Handbook of formal languages, vol. 3
Realistic modeling and rendering of plant ecosystems
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Plant models faithful to botanical structure and development
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
On Genetic Algorithms and Lindenmayer Systems
PPSN V Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
PPSN III Proceedings of the International Conference on Evolutionary Computation. The Third Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
PPSN IV Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
Coevolution Produces an Arms Race among Virtual Plants
EuroGP '02 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming
Mathematical Models in Biology
Mathematical Models in Biology
On hopeful monsters, neutral networks and junk code in evolving L-systems
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Evolving evolution programs: genetic programming and L-systems
GECCO '96 Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Life history evolution of virtual plants: trading off between growth and reproduction
PPSN'06 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
Evolving l-systems to capture protein structure native conformations
EuroGP'05 Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming
Modeling and visualization of symmetric and asymmetric plant competition
NPH'05 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Natural Phenomena
Self-organizing tree models for image synthesis
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Emergent diversity in an open-ended evolving virtual community
Artificial Life
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This article presents studies on plants and their communities through experiments with a multi-agent platform of generic virtual plants. Based on Artificial Life concepts, the model has been designed for long-term simulations spanning a large number of generations while emphasizing the most important morphological and physiological aspects of a single plant. The virtual plants combine a physiological transport-resistance model with a morphological model using the L-system formalism and grow in a simplified 3D artificial ecosystem. Experiments at three different scales are carried out and compared to observations on real plant species. At the individual level, single virtual plants are grown in order to examine their responses to environmental constraints. A number of emerging characteristics concerning individual plant growth can be observed. Unifying field observation, mathematical theory and computer simulation, population level experiments on intraspecific and interspecific competition for resources are related to corresponding aggregate models of population dynamics. The latter provide a more general understanding of the experiments with respect to long-term trends and equilibrium conditions. Studies at the evolutionary level aim at morphogenesis and the influence of competition on plant morphology. Among other results, it is shown how the struggle for resources induces an arms race that leads to the evolution of elongated growth in contrast to rather ample forms at ground-level when the plants evolve in isolation.