Real time design and animation of fractal plants and trees
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Voxel space automata: modeling with stochastic growth processes in voxel space
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Creation and rendering of realistic trees
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visual models of plants interacting with their environment
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive arrangement of botanical L-system models
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
An interface for sketching 3D curves
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Approximate and probabilistic algorithms for shading and rendering structured particle systems
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Plant models faithful to botanical structure and development
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The use of positional information in the modeling of plants
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive Modeling of Plants
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An efficient instantiation algorithm for simulating radiant energy transfer in plant models
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Virtual Climbing Plants Competing for Space
CA '02 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Modeling and visualization of leaf venation patterns
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Modeling plant structures using concept sketches
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Interactive design of botanical trees using freehand sketches and example-based editing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
Approximate image-based tree-modeling using particle flows
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Botanical Tree Image Generation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Competition and evolution in virtual plant communities: a new modeling approach
Natural Computing: an international journal
Modeling trees with a space colonization algorithm
NPH'07 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Natural Phenomena
Component-based model synthesis for low polygonal models
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
Modeling trees with crown shape constraints
ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2010 Posters
I3D '11 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Metropolis procedural modeling
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Image-based and sketch-based modeling of plants and trees
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 10th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part I
Texture-lobes for tree modelling
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Modeling and generating moving trees from video
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
Functional tree models reacting to the environment
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Posters
Plastic trees: interactive self-adapting botanical tree models
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
SMI 2012: Full Interactive modeling by procedural high-level primitives
Computers and Graphics
Synthetic tree models from iterated discrete graphs
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012
Efficient modeling of numerous trees by introducing growth volume for real-time virtual ecosystems
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
Procedural Interpolation of Historical City Maps
Computer Graphics Forum
TreeSketch: interactive procedural modeling of trees on a tablet
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Thern, the nano technology from John Carter's Mars
ACM SIGGRAPH 2012 Talks
Capturing and animating the morphogenesis of polygonal tree models
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
Graphics Interaction: A procedural method for irregular tree models
Computers and Graphics
Stochastic simulation of trees with environmental sensitivity
SIGGRAPH Asia 2012 Posters
Image-based reconstruction and synthesis of dense foliage
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
A multi-touch interface for fast architectural sketching and massing
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Special Section on Procedural Modeling: Procedural grape bunch modeling
Computers and Graphics
Modeling plant plasticity from a biophysical model: biomechanics
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGGRAPH International Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry
Reconstructing 3D tree models using motion capture and particle flow
International Journal of Computer Games Technology
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We present a method for generating realistic models of temperate-climate trees and shrubs. This method is based on the biological hypothesis that the form of a developing tree emerges from a self-organizing process dominated by the competition of buds and branches for light or space, and regulated by internal signaling mechanisms. Simulations of this process robustly generate a wide range of realistic trees and bushes. The generated forms can be controlled with a variety of interactive techniques, including procedural brushes, sketching, and editing operations such as pruning and bending of branches. We illustrate the usefulness and versatility of the proposed method with diverse tree models, forest scenes, animations of tree development, and examples of combined interactive-procedural tree modeling.