SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A Software Testbed for the Development of 3D Raster Graphics Systems
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Computer rendering of stochastic models
Communications of the ACM
Particle systems—a technique for modeling a class of fuzzy objects
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A more flexible image generation environment
SIGGRAPH '82 Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Procedure models for generating three-dimensional terrain
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Plants, fractals, and formal languages
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Simulation of natural scenes using textured quadric surfaces
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Managing geometric complexity with enhanced procedural models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Generalized stochastic subdivision
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
The Reyes image rendering architecture
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering antialiased shadows with depth maps
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Generating Fractal-Like Surfaces on General Purpose Mesh-Connected Computers
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Combinatorial analysis of ramified patterns and computer imagery of trees
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering fur with three dimensional textures
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Paint by numbers: abstract image representations
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Particle animation and rendering using data parallel computation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Spot noise texture synthesis for data visualization
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive visualization of flow fields
VVS '92 Proceedings of the 1992 workshop on Volume visualization
Direct volume visualization of three-dimensional vector fields
VVS '92 Proceedings of the 1992 workshop on Volume visualization
Turbulent wind fields for gaseous phenomena
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Predicting the drape of woven cloth using interacting particles
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Creation and rendering of realistic trees
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Advanced modeling techniques for computer graphics
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Flow and changes in appearance
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Painterly rendering for animation
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Modeling the motion of a hot, turbulent gas
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Modeling and rendering of outdoor scenes for distributed virtual environments
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Realistic modeling and rendering of plant ecosystems
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A particle system for direct synthesis of landscapes and textures
ACM SIGGRAPH 98 Conference abstracts and applications
Art-based rendering of fur, grass, and trees
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visual debugging of visualization software: a case study for particle systems
VIS '99 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '99: celebrating ten years
Interactive artistic rendering
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration of trees
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Animating prairies in real-time
I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
A rendering algorithm for visualizing 3D scalar fields
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Development models of herbaceous plants for computer imagery purposes
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Plant models faithful to botanical structure and development
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Applications of computer graphics to the visualization of meteorological data
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The use of positional information in the modeling of plants
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
AFRIGRAPH '01 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality and visualisation
A hardware-assisted hybrid rendering technique for interactive volume visualization
VVS '02 Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE symposium on Volume visualization and graphics
Adaptive algorithm for vector field interpolation based on octree structure
SCCG '02 Proceedings of the 18th spring conference on Computer graphics
Interactive visualization of complex plant ecosystems
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02
Modeling, Animating, and Rendering Complex Scenes Using Volumetric Textures
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Texture Mixing and Texture Movie Synthesis Using Statistical Learning
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A Short Recipe for Seashell Synthesis
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Generative Method for Textured Motion: Analysis and Synthesis
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part I
ICCS '02 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science-Part II
COMPCON '96 Proceedings of the 41st IEEE International Computer Conference
Real-time Crowd Movement On Large Scale Terrains
TPCG '03 Proceedings of the Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics 2003
Modelling objects with changing shapes: a survey
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Ray traced scalar fields with shaded polygonal output
VIS '90 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Visualization '90
Visualization of turbulent flow with particles
VIS '93 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Visualization '93
Fast construction of plant architectural models based on substructure decomposition
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Real-time painterly rendering for MR applications
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Analysis and Synthesis of Textured Motion: Particles and Waves
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Proceedings of the 20th spring conference on Computer graphics
Swimming Across the Pacific: A VR Swimming Interface
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Computer graphics for water modeling and rendering: a survey
Future Generation Computer Systems - Special issue: Computer graphics and geometric modeling
Approximate ambient occlusion for trees
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Real-time watercolor illustrations of plants using a blurred depth test
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Real-time pen-and-ink illustration of landscapes
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Flow and changes in appearance
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
Flow and changes in appearance
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Constructing a 3D trunk model from two images
Graphical Models
Approximate image-based tree-modeling using particle flows
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Analytical study of a stochastic plant growth model: Application to the GreenLab model
Mathematics and Computers in Simulation
A Survey of Modeling and Rendering Trees
Edutainment '08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment
Procedural Graphics Model and Behavior Generation
ICCS '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Computational Science, Part II
Real-Time Illumination of Foliage Using Depth Maps
ICCS '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Computational Science, Part II
Self-organizing tree models for image synthesis
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Interactive evolution of particle systems for computer graphics and animation
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Tutorials/Surveys: Modelling trees and their interaction with the environment: A survey
Computers and Graphics
Visual models of morphogenesis
Artificial Life
Rendering grass in real time with dynamic lighting
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications - Special issue title on generating 3D building models a VR playground for teaching math
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part I
Computer graphics for water modeling and rendering: a survey
Future Generation Computer Systems
Growing virtual plants for virtual worlds
Proceedings of the 24th Spring Conference on Computer Graphics
Texture-lobes for tree modelling
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Cross-modal affects of smell on the real-time rendering of grass
Proceedings of the 25th Spring Conference on Computer Graphics
Design of a simulation of atmospheric sunbeams
ICCOMP'06 Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Computers
Differential evolution for parameterized procedural woody plant models reconstruction
Applied Soft Computing
Real-time Realistic Rendering and Lighting of Forests
Computer Graphics Forum
TreeSketch: interactive procedural modeling of trees on a tablet
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Magnetic curves: curvature-controlled aesthetic curves using magnetic fields
Computational Aesthetics'09 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Point-based rendering of trees
NPH'05 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Natural Phenomena
Realistic and interactive visualization of high-density plant ecosystems
NPH'05 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Natural Phenomena
Modeling trees with a space colonization algorithm
NPH'07 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Natural Phenomena
Expressive illumination of foliage based on implicit surfaces
NPH'07 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Natural Phenomena
Rendering forest scenes in real-time
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Interactive sampling and rendering for complex and procedural geometry
EGWR'01 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics conference on Rendering
Interactive rendering of trees with shading and shadows
EGWR'01 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics conference on Rendering
Pseudorandom noise for real-time volumetric rendering of fire in a production system
SPBG'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Point-Based Graphics
Environmental framework to visualize emergent artificial forest ecosystems
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Multi-scale Assemblage for Procedural Texturing
Computer Graphics Forum
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Detail enhances the visual richness and realism of computer-generated images. Our stochastic modelling approach, called particle systems, builds complex pictures from sets of simple, volume-filling primitives. For example, structured particle systems have been used to generate trees and a grass-covered forest floor. Particle systems can produce so much irregular, three-dimensional detail that exact shading and visible surface calculations become infeasible. We describe approximate and probabilistic algorithms for shading and the visible surface problem. Because particle systems algorithms generate richly-detailed images, it is hard to detect any deviation from an exact rendering. Recent work in stochastic modelling also enables us to model complex motions with random variation, such as a field of grass blowing in the breeze. We analyze the performance of our current algorithms to understand the costs of our stochastic modelling approach.